By the 1950s, CSHL scientists had begun studying the effects of irradiation and x-ray-induced mutations in Drosophila and bacteria. James Laboratory became the site of studies funded by the Atomic Energy Commission on the effects of x-ray and gamma-ray-induced mutations. In 1960, a collaborative effort was initiated between microbial geneticists and physiologists in the James Laboratory, which by then had become filled. To provide ample space for this year-round effort, plans were made to enlarge the James Laboratory building by adding a second floor.
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