Cognition

Symposium Participants v Foreword xv

Physiology of Cognition

A Neural Circuit That Controls Cortical State, Plasticity, and the Gain of Sensory Responses in Mouse Michael P. Stryker 1 Diverse Effects of Conditioned Threat Stimuli on Behavior Justin M. Moscarello and Joseph LeDoux 11 Animal-to-Animal Variability in Neuromodulation and Circuit Function AlbertW. Hamood and Eve Marder 21 The Brainstem Oscillator for Whisking and the Case for Breathing as the Master Clock for Orofacial Motor Actions David Kleinfeld, Jeffrey D. Moore, FanWang, and Martin Descheˆnes 29

Neural Syntax and Substrates

Emergence of Cognition from Action Gyo¨rgy Buzsa´ki, Adrien Peyrache, and John Kubie 41 Dynamic Hippocampal Circuits Support Learning- and Memory-Guided Behaviors Emily B. Anderson, Irene Grossrubatscher, and Loren Frank 51 Identification and Manipulation of Memory Engram Cells Xu Liu, Steve Ramirez, Roger L. Redondo, and Susumu Tonegawa 59

Movement and Motor Control

A Dynamical Basis Set for Generating Reaches Mark M. Churchland and John P. Cunningham 67 Internal and External Feedback Circuits for Skilled Forelimb Movement Eiman Azim, Andrew J.P. Fink, and Thomas M. Jessell 81 Computations in Sensorimotor Learning Daniel M. Wolpert 93

Visual Perception and Neural Computation

Neural Mechanisms Underlying Visual Object Recognition Arash Afraz, Daniel L.K. Yamins, and James J. DiCarlo 99 The Macaque Face Patch System: AWindow into Object Representation Doris Tsao 109 Representation of Naturalistic Image Structure in the Primate Visual Cortex J. Anthony Movshon and Eero P. Simoncelli 115

Eye Movement and Motion Perception

The Influence of Gaze Control on Visual Perception: Eye Movements and Visual Stability Rebecca M. Krock and Tirin Moore 123 Neural Circuits for Motion Vision in the Fly Alexander Borst 131 How Optic Flow and Inertial Cues Improve Motion Perception Dora E. Angelaki 141

Attention and Value

How Attention Affects Spatial Resolution Marisa Carrasco and Antoine Barbot 149 Causal Model Comparison Shows That Human Representation Learning Is Not Bayesian Andra Geana and Yael Niv 161

Perceptual Judgment and Decision-Making

Understanding of the Hows and Whys of Decision-Making: From Expected Utility to Divisive Normalization Paul Glimcher 169 Spontaneous Decisions and Free Will: Empirical Results and Philosophical Considerations Joana Rigato, Masayoshi Murakami, and Zachary Mainen 177 Predicting the Accuracy of a Decision: A Neural Mechanism of Confidence Christopher R. Fetsch, Roozbeh Kiani, and Michael N. Shadlen 185 Internal States and Behavioral Decision-Making: Toward an Integration of Emotion and Cognition Ann Kennedy, Kenta Asahina, Eric Hoopfer, Hidehiko Inagaki, Yonil Jung, Hyosang Lee, Ryan Remedios, and David J. Anderson 199

Perception and Social Behavior

Early Language Learning and the Social Brain Patricia K. Kuhl 211 Dopaminergic Dynamics Contributing to Social Behavior Lisa A. Gunaydin and Karl Deisseroth 221 Cognitive Skills Needed for Social Hierarchies Russell D. Fernald 229

Summary

Summary: Cognition in 2014 Terrence J. Sejnowski 237 Dorcas Cummings Lecture 243 Patricia Smith Churchland 245 Conversations at the Symposium 251 David Anderson 253 Dora Angelaki 255 Richard Axel 258 Cori Bargmann 260 Patricia Churchland 263 Karl Deisseroth 266 Robert Desimone 269 James DiCarlo 271 Adam Gazzaley 275 Ann Graybiel 277 Joseph LeDoux 279 Eric Nestler 282 Alexandre Pouget 285 Matthew Rushworth 288 Michael Shadlen 291 Karel Svoboda 293 Susumu Tonegawa 295 Daniel Wolpert 297 Tony Zador 299 Author Index 303 Subject Index 305