Contents


Symposium Participants    v

Foreword    xix



Polarity and Position Specification

Germ Plasm Assembly and Germ Cell Migration in Drosophila C. Rongo, H. Tarczy-Broihier, L. Moore, M. Van Doren, A. Forbes, and R. Lehmann    1

Efficient Translation and Phosphorylation of Oskar Require Oskar Protein and the RNA Helicase Vasa F.-H. Markussen, W. Breitwieser, and A. Ephrussi    13

Controls of Cell Fate and Pattern by 3' Untranslated Regions: The Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm/Oocyte Decision A. Puoti, M. Gallegos, B. Zhang, M.P. Wickens, and J. Kimble    19

The Drosophila Germarium: Stem Cells, Germ Line Cysts, and Oocytes A.C. Spradling, M. de Cuevas, D. Drummond-Barbosa, L. Keyes, M. Lilly, M. Pepling, and T. Xie    25

Genetic Characterization of hadad, a Mutant Disrupting Female Gametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana J.M. Moore, J.-P. Vielle Calzada, W. Gagliano, and U. Grossniklaus    35



Asymmetric Divisions

Establishment of Cell Type in a Primitive Organism by Cell-specific Elimination and Proteolytic Activation of a Transcription Factor A. Hofmeister and R. Losick    49

Building Organs and Organisms: Elements of Morphogenesis Exhibited by Budding Yeast I. Herskowitz    57

Cortical Asymmetries Direct the Establishment of Cell Polarity and the Plane of Cell Division in the Fucus Embryo R.S. Quatrano    65

Asymmetric Segregation of the Drosophila Numb Protein during Mitosis: Facts and Speculations J.A. Knoblich, L.Y. Jan, and Y.N. Jan    71

On the Roles of inscuteable in Asymmetric Cell Divisions in Drosophila W. Chia, R. Kraut, P. Li, X. Yang, and M. Zavortink    79

Maternal Genes with Localized mRNA and Pattern Formation of the Ascidian Embryo S. Yoshida, Y. Satou, and N. Satoh    89



Axis Formation

Related Signaling Networks in Drosophila That Control Dorsoventral Patterning in the Embryo and the Immune Response L.P. Wu and K.V. Anderson    97

Nodal Signaling and Axis Formation in the Mouse I. Varlet, J. Collignon, D.P. Norris, and E.J. Robertson    105

Axis Duplication and Anterior Identity in the Mouse Embryo P. Thomas, J.M. Brickman, H. Pöpperl, R. Krumlauf, and R.S.P. Beddington    115

FGF Signaling in Mouse Gastrulation and Anteroposterior Patterning J. Rossant, B. Ciruna, and J. Partanen    127

Lineage and Functional Analyses of the Mouse Organizer P.P.L. Tam, K.A. Steiner, S.X. Zhou, and G.A. Quinlan    135

Goosecoid and Goosecoid-related Genes in Mouse Embryogenesis M. Wakamiya, J. Rivera- Peréz, A. Baldini, and R.R. Behringer    145



Morphogens

Cell Response to Different Concentrations of a Morphogen: Activin Effects on Xenopus Animal Caps J.B. Gurdon, K. Ryan, F. Stennard, N. McDowell, A.M. Zorn, D.J. Crease, and S. Dyson    151

Analysis of Fgf8 Gene Function in Vertebrate Development M. Lewandowski, E.N. Meyers, and G.R. Martin    159

Patterning by Genes Expressed in Spemann's Organizer E.M. De Robertis, S. Kim, L. Leyns, S. Piccolo, D. Bachiller, E. Agius, J.A. Belo, A. Yamamoto, A. Hainski-Brousseau, B. Brizuela, O. Wessely, B. Lu, and T. Bouwmeester    169

Brainiac and Fringe Are Similar Pioneer Proteins That Impart Specificity to Notch Signaling during Drosophila Development S. Goode and N. Perrimon    177

Cell Culture and Whole Animal Approaches to Understanding Signaling by Wnt Proteins in Drosophila R. Nusse, C. Harryman Samos, M. Brink, K. Willert, K.M. Cadigan, A. Wodarz, M. Fish, and E. Rulifson    185



Tissue Specification

Multiple Roles of Cholesterol in Hedgehog Protein Biogenesis and Signaling P.A. Beachy, M.K. Cooper, K.E. Young, D.P. von Kessler, W.-J. Park, T.M. Tanaka Hall, D.J. Leahy, and J.A. Porter    191

Control of Cell Growth and Fate by patched Genes R.L. Johnson and M.P. Scott    205

The smoothened Gene and Hedgehog Signal Transduction in Drosophila and Vertebrate Development J. Quirk, M. van den Heuvel, D. Henrique, V. Marigo, T.A. Jones, C. Tabin, and P.W. Ingham    217

WNT5 is Required for Tail Formation in the Zebrafish Embryo G.-J. Rauch, M. Hammerschmidt, P. Blader, H.E. Schauerte, U. Strähle, P.W. Ingham, A.P. McMahon, and P. Haffter    227

Genes That Control Organ Form: Lessons from Bone and Branching Morphogenesis M.A. Krasnow    235

Branching Morphogenesis in the Drosophila Tracheal System B.-Z. Shilo, L. Gabay, L. Glazer, M. Reichman-Fried, P. Wappner, R. Wilk, and E. Zelzer    241

Branching Morphogenesis of the Lung: New Models for a Classical Problem B.L.M. Hogan, J. Grindley, S. Bellusci, N.R. Dunn, H. Emoto, and N. Itoh    249

The Enamel Knot: A Putative Signaling Center Regulating Tooth Development I. Thesleff and J. Jernvall    257

BMP Signaling and Vertebrate Limb Development H. Zou, K.-M. Choe, Y. Lu, J. Massagué, and L. Niswander    269



Patterning and Transcription

Hox Genes and Mammalian Development M.R. Capecchi    273

Intercompartmental Signaling and the Regulation of vestigial Expression at the Dorsoventral Boundary of the Developing Drosophila Wing J. Kim, J. Magee, and S.B. Carroll    283

The Dance of the Hox Genes: Patterning the Anteroposterior Body Axis of Caenorhabditis elegans C.J. Kenyon, J. Austin, M. Costa, D.W. Cowing, J.M. Harris, L. Honigberg, C.P. Hunter, J.N. Maloof, M.M. Muller-Immerglück, S.J. Salser, D.A. Waring, B.B. Wang, and L.A. Wrischnik    293

The Regulation of Enhancer-Promoter Interactions in the Drosophila Embryo J. Zhou, H.N. Cai, S. Ohtsuki, and M. Levine    307

Cross-Regulatory Interactions between Hox Genes and the Control of Segmental Expression in the Vertebrate Central Nervous System S. Nonchev, M. Maconochie, A. Gould, A. Mor- rison, and R. Krumlauf    313

Role of the Brn-3 Family of POU-domain Genes in the Development of the Auditory/Vestibular, Somatosensory, and Visual Systems M. Xiang, L. Gan, D. Li, L. Zhou, Z.-Y. Chen, D. Wagner, B.W. O'Malley, Jr., W. Klein, and J. Nathans    325

Upstream and Downstream from Brachyury, a Gene Required for Vertebrate Mesoderm Formation J.C. Smith, N.A. Armes, F.L. Conlon, M. Tada, M. Umbhauer, and K.M. Weston    337



Signaling in Organogenesis

Signal Transduction Downstream from RAS in Drosophila G.M. Rubin, H.C. Chang, F. Karim, T. Laverty, N.R. Michaud, D.K. Morrison, I. Rebay, A. Tang, M. Therrien, and D.A. Wassarman    347

Mutations That Perturb Vulval Invagination in C. elegans T. Herman and H.R. Horvitz    353

Genetics and the Evolution of Plant Form: An Example from Maize J. Doebley and R.-L. Wang    361

Control of Cell Division Patterns in Developing Shoots and Flowers of Arabidopsis thaliana E.M. Meyerowitz    369

Pancreas Development in the Chick Embryo S.K. Kim, M. Hebrok, and D.A. Melton    377

The Specification of Muscle in Drosophila M.K. Baylies, M. Bate, and M. Ruiz Gomez    385

Homeobox Genes and Heart Development C. Biben, S. Palmer, D.A. Elliott, and R.P. Harvey    395

A Transcriptional Pathway for Cardiac Development Q. Lin, D. Srivastava, and E.N. Olson    405

Induction of Chick Cardiac Myogenesis by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins T.M. Schultheiss and A.B. Lassar    413

Expression of Wnt and Frizzled Genes during Chick Limb Bud Development M. Kengaku, V. Twombly, and C. Tabin    421

Outgrowth and Patterning of the Vertebrate Limb J.W.R. Schwabe, C. Rodriguez-Esteban, J. De La Peña, A.T. Tavares, J.K. Ng, E.M. Banayo, B. Foys, B. Eshelman, J. Magallon, R. Tam, and J.C. Izpisúa-Belmonte    431

Retrovirus-mediated Insertional Mutagenesis in Zebrafish and Identification of a Molecular Marker for Embryonic Germ Cells A. Amsterdam, C. Yoon, M. Allende, T. Becker, K. Kawakami, S. Burgess, N. Gaiano, and N. Hopkins    437



Neural Induction and Pathfinding

Graded Sonic Hedgehog Signaling and the Specification of Cell Fate in the Ventral Neural Tube J. Ericson, J. Briscoe, P. Rashbass, V. van Heyningen, and T.M. Jessell    451

Guidance of Developing Axons by Netrin-1 and Its Receptors E.D. Leonardo, L. Hinck, M. Masu, K. Keino-Masu, A. Fazeli, E.T. Stoeckli, S.L. Ackerman, R.A. Weinberg, and M. Tessier-Levigne    467

The Many Faces of Fasciclin II: Genetic Analysis Reveals Multiple Roles for a Cell Adhesion Molecule during the Generation of Neuronal Specificity C.S. Goodman, G.W. Davis, and K. Zito    479

Cell Lineage Determination and the Control of Neuronal Identity in the Neural Crest D.J. Anderson, A. Groves, L. Lo, Q. Ma, M. Rao, N.M. Shah, and L. Sommer    493

Cadherins in Brain Patterning and Neural Network Formation M. Takeichi, T. Uemura, Y. Iwai, N. Uchida, T. Inoue, T. Tanaka, and S.C. Suzuki    505

Retinoids and Posterior Neural Induction: A Reevaluation of Nieuwkoop's Two-step Hypothesis P.J. Kolm and H.L. Sive    511

Genetic Analysis of Pattern Formation in the Zebrafish Neural Plate W. Driever, L. Solnica- Krezel, S. Abdelilah, D. Meyer, and D. Stemple    523

Cell Interactions in Patterning the Mammalian Midbrain D.H. Rowitch, P.S. Danielian, S.M.K. Lee, Y. Echelard, and A.P. McMahon    535

Otx and Emx Functions in Patterning of the Vertebrate Rostral Head I. Matsuo, Y. Suda, M. Yoshida, T. Ueki, C. Kimura, S. Kuratani, and S. Aizawa    545

Summary: A Common Language M.P. Scott    555