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 LXII: Pattern Formation during Development 1997 |
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From left: Dr. Sean Carroll, Dr. Michael Levine  SYMPOSIUM SYNOPSIS LIST OF PARTICIPANTS CONTENTS OF SYMPOSIUM VOLUME PHOTOGRAPHS PUBLISHED VOLUME  |
Pattern Formation during Development
Symposium Volume LXII Contents
Symposium Participants v
Foreword xix
Polarity and Position Specification
Germ Plasm Assembly and Germ Cell Migration in Drosophila C. Rongo, H. Tarczy-Broihier, L. Moore, M. Van Doren, A. Forbes, and R. Lehmann 1
Efficient Translation and Phosphorylation of Oskar Require Oskar Protein and the RNA Helicase Vasa F.-H. Markussen, W. Breitwieser, and A. Ephrussi 13
Controls of Cell Fate and Pattern by 3' Untranslated Regions: The Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm/Oocyte Decision A. Puoti, M. Gallegos, B. Zhang, M.P. Wickens, and J. Kimble 19
The Drosophila Germarium: Stem Cells, Germ Line Cysts, and Oocytes A.C. Spradling, M. de Cuevas, D. Drummond-Barbosa, L. Keyes, M. Lilly, M. Pepling, and T. Xie 25
Genetic Characterization of hadad, a Mutant Disrupting Female Gametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana J.M. Moore, J.-P. Vielle Calzada, W. Gagliano, and U. Grossniklaus 35
Asymmetric Divisions
Establishment of Cell Type in a Primitive Organism by Cell-specific Elimination and Proteolytic Activation of a Transcription Factor A. Hofmeister and R. Losick 49
Building Organs and Organisms: Elements of Morphogenesis Exhibited by Budding Yeast I. Herskowitz 57
Cortical Asymmetries Direct the Establishment of Cell Polarity and the Plane of Cell Division in the Fucus Embryo R.S. Quatrano 65
Asymmetric Segregation of the Drosophila Numb Protein during Mitosis: Facts and Speculations J.A. Knoblich, L.Y. Jan, and Y.N. Jan 71
On the Roles of inscuteable in Asymmetric Cell Divisions in Drosophila W. Chia, R. Kraut, P. Li, X. Yang, and M. Zavortink 79
Maternal Genes with Localized mRNA and Pattern Formation of the Ascidian Embryo S. Yoshida, Y. Satou, and N. Satoh 89
Axis Formation
Related Signaling Networks in Drosophila That Control Dorsoventral Patterning in the Embryo and the Immune Response L.P. Wu and K.V. Anderson 97
Nodal Signaling and Axis Formation in the Mouse I. Varlet, J. Collignon, D.P. Norris, and E.J. Robertson 105
Axis Duplication and Anterior Identity in the Mouse Embryo P. Thomas, J.M. Brickman, H. Pöpperl, R. Krumlauf, and R.S.P. Beddington 115
FGF Signaling in Mouse Gastrulation and Anteroposterior Patterning J. Rossant, B. Ciruna, and J. Partanen 127
Lineage and Functional Analyses of the Mouse Organizer P.P.L. Tam, K.A. Steiner, S.X. Zhou, and G.A. Quinlan 135
Goosecoid and Goosecoid-related Genes in Mouse Embryogenesis M. Wakamiya, J. Rivera- Peréz, A. Baldini, and R.R. Behringer 145
Morphogens
Cell Response to Different Concentrations of a Morphogen: Activin Effects on Xenopus Animal Caps J.B. Gurdon, K. Ryan, F. Stennard, N. McDowell, A.M. Zorn, D.J. Crease, and S. Dyson 151
Analysis of Fgf8 Gene Function in Vertebrate Development M. Lewandowski, E.N. Meyers, and G.R. Martin 159
Patterning by Genes Expressed in Spemann's Organizer E.M. De Robertis, S. Kim, L. Leyns, S. Piccolo, D. Bachiller, E. Agius, J.A. Belo, A. Yamamoto, A. Hainski-Brousseau, B. Brizuela, O. Wessely, B. Lu, and T. Bouwmeester 169
Brainiac and Fringe Are Similar Pioneer Proteins That Impart Specificity to Notch Signaling during Drosophila Development S. Goode and N. Perrimon 177
Cell Culture and Whole Animal Approaches to Understanding Signaling by Wnt Proteins in Drosophila R. Nusse, C. Harryman Samos, M. Brink, K. Willert, K.M. Cadigan, A. Wodarz, M. Fish, and E. Rulifson 185
Tissue Specification
Multiple Roles of Cholesterol in Hedgehog Protein Biogenesis and Signaling P.A. Beachy, M.K. Cooper, K.E. Young, D.P. von Kessler, W.-J. Park, T.M. Tanaka Hall, D.J. Leahy, and J.A. Porter 191
Control of Cell Growth and Fate by patched Genes R.L. Johnson and M.P. Scott 205
The smoothened Gene and Hedgehog Signal Transduction in Drosophila and Vertebrate Development J. Quirk, M. van den Heuvel, D. Henrique, V. Marigo, T.A. Jones, C. Tabin, and P.W. Ingham 217
WNT5 is Required for Tail Formation in the Zebrafish Embryo G.-J. Rauch, M. Hammerschmidt, P. Blader, H.E. Schauerte, U. Strähle, P.W. Ingham, A.P. McMahon, and P. Haffter 227
Genes That Control Organ Form: Lessons from Bone and Branching Morphogenesis M.A. Krasnow 235
Branching Morphogenesis in the Drosophila Tracheal System B.-Z. Shilo, L. Gabay, L. Glazer, M. Reichman-Fried, P. Wappner, R. Wilk, and E. Zelzer 241
Branching Morphogenesis of the Lung: New Models for a Classical Problem B.L.M. Hogan, J. Grindley, S. Bellusci, N.R. Dunn, H. Emoto, and N. Itoh 249
The Enamel Knot: A Putative Signaling Center Regulating Tooth Development I. Thesleff and J. Jernvall 257
BMP Signaling and Vertebrate Limb Development H. Zou, K.-M. Choe, Y. Lu, J. Massagué, and L. Niswander 269
Patterning and Transcription
Hox Genes and Mammalian Development M.R. Capecchi 273
Intercompartmental Signaling and the Regulation of vestigial Expression at the Dorsoventral Boundary of the Developing Drosophila Wing J. Kim, J. Magee, and S.B. Carroll 283
The Dance of the Hox Genes: Patterning the Anteroposterior Body Axis of Caenorhabditis elegans C.J. Kenyon, J. Austin, M. Costa, D.W. Cowing, J.M. Harris, L. Honigberg, C.P. Hunter, J.N. Maloof, M.M. Muller-Immerglück, S.J. Salser, D.A. Waring, B.B. Wang, and L.A. Wrischnik 293
The Regulation of Enhancer-Promoter Interactions in the Drosophila Embryo J. Zhou, H.N. Cai, S. Ohtsuki, and M. Levine 307
Cross-Regulatory Interactions between Hox Genes and the Control of Segmental Expression in the Vertebrate Central Nervous System S. Nonchev, M. Maconochie, A. Gould, A. Mor- rison, and R. Krumlauf 313
Role of the Brn-3 Family of POU-domain Genes in the Development of the Auditory/Vestibular, Somatosensory, and Visual Systems M. Xiang, L. Gan, D. Li, L. Zhou, Z.-Y. Chen, D. Wagner, B.W. O'Malley, Jr., W. Klein, and J. Nathans 325
Upstream and Downstream from Brachyury, a Gene Required for Vertebrate Mesoderm Formation J.C. Smith, N.A. Armes, F.L. Conlon, M. Tada, M. Umbhauer, and K.M. Weston 337
Signaling in Organogenesis
Signal Transduction Downstream from RAS in Drosophila G.M. Rubin, H.C. Chang, F. Karim, T. Laverty, N.R. Michaud, D.K. Morrison, I. Rebay, A. Tang, M. Therrien, and D.A. Wassarman 347
Mutations That Perturb Vulval Invagination in C. elegans T. Herman and H.R. Horvitz 353
Genetics and the Evolution of Plant Form: An Example from Maize J. Doebley and R.-L. Wang 361
Control of Cell Division Patterns in Developing Shoots and Flowers of Arabidopsis thaliana E.M. Meyerowitz 369
Pancreas Development in the Chick Embryo S.K. Kim, M. Hebrok, and D.A. Melton 377
The Specification of Muscle in Drosophila M.K. Baylies, M. Bate, and M. Ruiz Gomez 385
Homeobox Genes and Heart Development C. Biben, S. Palmer, D.A. Elliott, and R.P. Harvey 395
A Transcriptional Pathway for Cardiac Development Q. Lin, D. Srivastava, and E.N. Olson 405
Induction of Chick Cardiac Myogenesis by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins T.M. Schultheiss and A.B. Lassar 413
Expression of Wnt and Frizzled Genes during Chick Limb Bud Development M. Kengaku, V. Twombly, and C. Tabin 421
Outgrowth and Patterning of the Vertebrate Limb J.W.R. Schwabe, C. Rodriguez-Esteban, J. De La Peña, A.T. Tavares, J.K. Ng, E.M. Banayo, B. Foys, B. Eshelman, J. Magallon, R. Tam, and J.C. Izpisúa-Belmonte 431
Retrovirus-mediated Insertional Mutagenesis in Zebrafish and Identification of a Molecular Marker for Embryonic Germ Cells A. Amsterdam, C. Yoon, M. Allende, T. Becker, K. Kawakami, S. Burgess, N. Gaiano, and N. Hopkins 437
Neural Induction and Pathfinding
Graded Sonic Hedgehog Signaling and the Specification of Cell Fate in the Ventral Neural Tube J. Ericson, J. Briscoe, P. Rashbass, V. van Heyningen, and T.M. Jessell 451
Guidance of Developing Axons by Netrin-1 and Its Receptors E.D. Leonardo, L. Hinck, M. Masu, K. Keino-Masu, A. Fazeli, E.T. Stoeckli, S.L. Ackerman, R.A. Weinberg, and M. Tessier-Levigne 467
The Many Faces of Fasciclin II: Genetic Analysis Reveals Multiple Roles for a Cell Adhesion Molecule during the Generation of Neuronal Specificity C.S. Goodman, G.W. Davis, and K. Zito 479
Cell Lineage Determination and the Control of Neuronal Identity in the Neural Crest D.J. Anderson, A. Groves, L. Lo, Q. Ma, M. Rao, N.M. Shah, and L. Sommer 493
Cadherins in Brain Patterning and Neural Network Formation M. Takeichi, T. Uemura, Y. Iwai, N. Uchida, T. Inoue, T. Tanaka, and S.C. Suzuki 505
Retinoids and Posterior Neural Induction: A Reevaluation of Nieuwkoop's Two-step Hypothesis P.J. Kolm and H.L. Sive 511
Genetic Analysis of Pattern Formation in the Zebrafish Neural Plate W. Driever, L. Solnica- Krezel, S. Abdelilah, D. Meyer, and D. Stemple 523
Cell Interactions in Patterning the Mammalian Midbrain D.H. Rowitch, P.S. Danielian, S.M.K. Lee, Y. Echelard, and A.P. McMahon 535
Otx and Emx Functions in Patterning of the Vertebrate Rostral Head I. Matsuo, Y. Suda, M. Yoshida, T. Ueki, C. Kimura, S. Kuratani, and S. Aizawa 545
Summary: A Common Language M.P. Scott 555
Foreword xix
Polarity and Position Specification
Germ Plasm Assembly and Germ Cell Migration in Drosophila C. Rongo, H. Tarczy-Broihier, L. Moore, M. Van Doren, A. Forbes, and R. Lehmann 1
Efficient Translation and Phosphorylation of Oskar Require Oskar Protein and the RNA Helicase Vasa F.-H. Markussen, W. Breitwieser, and A. Ephrussi 13
Controls of Cell Fate and Pattern by 3' Untranslated Regions: The Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm/Oocyte Decision A. Puoti, M. Gallegos, B. Zhang, M.P. Wickens, and J. Kimble 19
The Drosophila Germarium: Stem Cells, Germ Line Cysts, and Oocytes A.C. Spradling, M. de Cuevas, D. Drummond-Barbosa, L. Keyes, M. Lilly, M. Pepling, and T. Xie 25
Genetic Characterization of hadad, a Mutant Disrupting Female Gametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana J.M. Moore, J.-P. Vielle Calzada, W. Gagliano, and U. Grossniklaus 35
Asymmetric Divisions
Establishment of Cell Type in a Primitive Organism by Cell-specific Elimination and Proteolytic Activation of a Transcription Factor A. Hofmeister and R. Losick 49
Building Organs and Organisms: Elements of Morphogenesis Exhibited by Budding Yeast I. Herskowitz 57
Cortical Asymmetries Direct the Establishment of Cell Polarity and the Plane of Cell Division in the Fucus Embryo R.S. Quatrano 65
Asymmetric Segregation of the Drosophila Numb Protein during Mitosis: Facts and Speculations J.A. Knoblich, L.Y. Jan, and Y.N. Jan 71
On the Roles of inscuteable in Asymmetric Cell Divisions in Drosophila W. Chia, R. Kraut, P. Li, X. Yang, and M. Zavortink 79
Maternal Genes with Localized mRNA and Pattern Formation of the Ascidian Embryo S. Yoshida, Y. Satou, and N. Satoh 89
Axis Formation
Related Signaling Networks in Drosophila That Control Dorsoventral Patterning in the Embryo and the Immune Response L.P. Wu and K.V. Anderson 97
Nodal Signaling and Axis Formation in the Mouse I. Varlet, J. Collignon, D.P. Norris, and E.J. Robertson 105
Axis Duplication and Anterior Identity in the Mouse Embryo P. Thomas, J.M. Brickman, H. Pöpperl, R. Krumlauf, and R.S.P. Beddington 115
FGF Signaling in Mouse Gastrulation and Anteroposterior Patterning J. Rossant, B. Ciruna, and J. Partanen 127
Lineage and Functional Analyses of the Mouse Organizer P.P.L. Tam, K.A. Steiner, S.X. Zhou, and G.A. Quinlan 135
Goosecoid and Goosecoid-related Genes in Mouse Embryogenesis M. Wakamiya, J. Rivera- Peréz, A. Baldini, and R.R. Behringer 145
Morphogens
Cell Response to Different Concentrations of a Morphogen: Activin Effects on Xenopus Animal Caps J.B. Gurdon, K. Ryan, F. Stennard, N. McDowell, A.M. Zorn, D.J. Crease, and S. Dyson 151
Analysis of Fgf8 Gene Function in Vertebrate Development M. Lewandowski, E.N. Meyers, and G.R. Martin 159
Patterning by Genes Expressed in Spemann's Organizer E.M. De Robertis, S. Kim, L. Leyns, S. Piccolo, D. Bachiller, E. Agius, J.A. Belo, A. Yamamoto, A. Hainski-Brousseau, B. Brizuela, O. Wessely, B. Lu, and T. Bouwmeester 169
Brainiac and Fringe Are Similar Pioneer Proteins That Impart Specificity to Notch Signaling during Drosophila Development S. Goode and N. Perrimon 177
Cell Culture and Whole Animal Approaches to Understanding Signaling by Wnt Proteins in Drosophila R. Nusse, C. Harryman Samos, M. Brink, K. Willert, K.M. Cadigan, A. Wodarz, M. Fish, and E. Rulifson 185
Tissue Specification
Multiple Roles of Cholesterol in Hedgehog Protein Biogenesis and Signaling P.A. Beachy, M.K. Cooper, K.E. Young, D.P. von Kessler, W.-J. Park, T.M. Tanaka Hall, D.J. Leahy, and J.A. Porter 191
Control of Cell Growth and Fate by patched Genes R.L. Johnson and M.P. Scott 205
The smoothened Gene and Hedgehog Signal Transduction in Drosophila and Vertebrate Development J. Quirk, M. van den Heuvel, D. Henrique, V. Marigo, T.A. Jones, C. Tabin, and P.W. Ingham 217
WNT5 is Required for Tail Formation in the Zebrafish Embryo G.-J. Rauch, M. Hammerschmidt, P. Blader, H.E. Schauerte, U. Strähle, P.W. Ingham, A.P. McMahon, and P. Haffter 227
Genes That Control Organ Form: Lessons from Bone and Branching Morphogenesis M.A. Krasnow 235
Branching Morphogenesis in the Drosophila Tracheal System B.-Z. Shilo, L. Gabay, L. Glazer, M. Reichman-Fried, P. Wappner, R. Wilk, and E. Zelzer 241
Branching Morphogenesis of the Lung: New Models for a Classical Problem B.L.M. Hogan, J. Grindley, S. Bellusci, N.R. Dunn, H. Emoto, and N. Itoh 249
The Enamel Knot: A Putative Signaling Center Regulating Tooth Development I. Thesleff and J. Jernvall 257
BMP Signaling and Vertebrate Limb Development H. Zou, K.-M. Choe, Y. Lu, J. Massagué, and L. Niswander 269
Patterning and Transcription
Hox Genes and Mammalian Development M.R. Capecchi 273
Intercompartmental Signaling and the Regulation of vestigial Expression at the Dorsoventral Boundary of the Developing Drosophila Wing J. Kim, J. Magee, and S.B. Carroll 283
The Dance of the Hox Genes: Patterning the Anteroposterior Body Axis of Caenorhabditis elegans C.J. Kenyon, J. Austin, M. Costa, D.W. Cowing, J.M. Harris, L. Honigberg, C.P. Hunter, J.N. Maloof, M.M. Muller-Immerglück, S.J. Salser, D.A. Waring, B.B. Wang, and L.A. Wrischnik 293
The Regulation of Enhancer-Promoter Interactions in the Drosophila Embryo J. Zhou, H.N. Cai, S. Ohtsuki, and M. Levine 307
Cross-Regulatory Interactions between Hox Genes and the Control of Segmental Expression in the Vertebrate Central Nervous System S. Nonchev, M. Maconochie, A. Gould, A. Mor- rison, and R. Krumlauf 313
Role of the Brn-3 Family of POU-domain Genes in the Development of the Auditory/Vestibular, Somatosensory, and Visual Systems M. Xiang, L. Gan, D. Li, L. Zhou, Z.-Y. Chen, D. Wagner, B.W. O'Malley, Jr., W. Klein, and J. Nathans 325
Upstream and Downstream from Brachyury, a Gene Required for Vertebrate Mesoderm Formation J.C. Smith, N.A. Armes, F.L. Conlon, M. Tada, M. Umbhauer, and K.M. Weston 337
Signaling in Organogenesis
Signal Transduction Downstream from RAS in Drosophila G.M. Rubin, H.C. Chang, F. Karim, T. Laverty, N.R. Michaud, D.K. Morrison, I. Rebay, A. Tang, M. Therrien, and D.A. Wassarman 347
Mutations That Perturb Vulval Invagination in C. elegans T. Herman and H.R. Horvitz 353
Genetics and the Evolution of Plant Form: An Example from Maize J. Doebley and R.-L. Wang 361
Control of Cell Division Patterns in Developing Shoots and Flowers of Arabidopsis thaliana E.M. Meyerowitz 369
Pancreas Development in the Chick Embryo S.K. Kim, M. Hebrok, and D.A. Melton 377
The Specification of Muscle in Drosophila M.K. Baylies, M. Bate, and M. Ruiz Gomez 385
Homeobox Genes and Heart Development C. Biben, S. Palmer, D.A. Elliott, and R.P. Harvey 395
A Transcriptional Pathway for Cardiac Development Q. Lin, D. Srivastava, and E.N. Olson 405
Induction of Chick Cardiac Myogenesis by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins T.M. Schultheiss and A.B. Lassar 413
Expression of Wnt and Frizzled Genes during Chick Limb Bud Development M. Kengaku, V. Twombly, and C. Tabin 421
Outgrowth and Patterning of the Vertebrate Limb J.W.R. Schwabe, C. Rodriguez-Esteban, J. De La Peña, A.T. Tavares, J.K. Ng, E.M. Banayo, B. Foys, B. Eshelman, J. Magallon, R. Tam, and J.C. Izpisúa-Belmonte 431
Retrovirus-mediated Insertional Mutagenesis in Zebrafish and Identification of a Molecular Marker for Embryonic Germ Cells A. Amsterdam, C. Yoon, M. Allende, T. Becker, K. Kawakami, S. Burgess, N. Gaiano, and N. Hopkins 437
Neural Induction and Pathfinding
Graded Sonic Hedgehog Signaling and the Specification of Cell Fate in the Ventral Neural Tube J. Ericson, J. Briscoe, P. Rashbass, V. van Heyningen, and T.M. Jessell 451
Guidance of Developing Axons by Netrin-1 and Its Receptors E.D. Leonardo, L. Hinck, M. Masu, K. Keino-Masu, A. Fazeli, E.T. Stoeckli, S.L. Ackerman, R.A. Weinberg, and M. Tessier-Levigne 467
The Many Faces of Fasciclin II: Genetic Analysis Reveals Multiple Roles for a Cell Adhesion Molecule during the Generation of Neuronal Specificity C.S. Goodman, G.W. Davis, and K. Zito 479
Cell Lineage Determination and the Control of Neuronal Identity in the Neural Crest D.J. Anderson, A. Groves, L. Lo, Q. Ma, M. Rao, N.M. Shah, and L. Sommer 493
Cadherins in Brain Patterning and Neural Network Formation M. Takeichi, T. Uemura, Y. Iwai, N. Uchida, T. Inoue, T. Tanaka, and S.C. Suzuki 505
Retinoids and Posterior Neural Induction: A Reevaluation of Nieuwkoop's Two-step Hypothesis P.J. Kolm and H.L. Sive 511
Genetic Analysis of Pattern Formation in the Zebrafish Neural Plate W. Driever, L. Solnica- Krezel, S. Abdelilah, D. Meyer, and D. Stemple 523
Cell Interactions in Patterning the Mammalian Midbrain D.H. Rowitch, P.S. Danielian, S.M.K. Lee, Y. Echelard, and A.P. McMahon 535
Otx and Emx Functions in Patterning of the Vertebrate Rostral Head I. Matsuo, Y. Suda, M. Yoshida, T. Ueki, C. Kimura, S. Kuratani, and S. Aizawa 545
Summary: A Common Language M.P. Scott 555
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