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 LX: Protein Kinesis: The Dynamics of Protein Trafficking and Stability 1995 |
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From left: Dr. Gunther Blobel, Dr. Michael Sheetz, Dr. Gert Kreibich  SYMPOSIUM SYNOPSIS LIST OF PARTICIPANTS CONTENTS OF SYMPOSIUM VOLUME PHOTOGRAPHS PUBLISHED VOLUME  |
Protein Kinesis: The Dynamics of Protein Trafficking and Stability
Symposium Volume LX Contents
Symposium Participants v
Foreword xix
Protein Translocation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi
Unidirectional and Bidirectional Protein Traffic across Membranes G. Blobel 1
Coat Proteins and Selective Protein Packaging into Transport Vesicles R. Schekman, C. Barlowe, S. Bednarek, J. Campbell, T. Doering, R. Duden, M. Kuehn, M. Rexach, T. Yeung, and L. Orci 11
Targeting Pathways to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane J.D. Brown, D.T.W. Ng, S.C. Ogg, and P. Walter 23
Posttranslational Protein Transport into the Endoplasmic Reticulum S. Panzner, L. Dreier, E. Hartmann, S. Kostka, and T.A. Rapoport 31
Protein Insertion into the Membrane of the Endoplasmic Reticulum: The Architecture of the Translocation Site B. Martoglio and B. Dobberstein 41
Nascent-polypeptide-associated Complex: A Bridge between Ribosome and Cytosol B. Lauring, S. Wang, H. Sakai, T.A. Davis, B. Wiedmann, G. Kreibich, and M. Wied- Mann 47
Protein-conducting Channels for the Translocation of Proteins into and across Membranes S.M. Simon 57
The Environment of Nascent Secretory and Membrane Proteins at the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane during Translocation and Integration A.E. Johnson, S. Liao, J. Lin, B. Hamman, H. Do, A. Cowie, and D.W. Andrews 71
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Oligosaccharyltransferase: A Large Hetero-oligomeric Complex in the Endoplasmic Reticulum D. Karaoglu, S. Silberstein, D.J. Kelleher, and R. Gilmore 83
The Erythropoietin Receptor: Biogenesis, Dimerization, and Intracellular Signal Transduction H.F. Lodish, D.J. Hilton, U. Klingmüller, S.S. Watowich, and H. Wu 93
SNAREs Involved in Traffic through the Golgi Complex H.R.B Pelham, D.K. Banfield, and M.J. Lewis 105
Targeting to the Endoplasmic Reticulum by Dilysine Motifs: Role of Coat Proteins P. Cosson and F. Letourneur 113
Factors Mediating the Late Stages of ER-to-Golgi Transport in Yeast Y. Jiang, M. Sacher, B. Singer-Krüger, J.P. Lian, S. Stone, and S. Ferro-Novick 119
Regulated Export of Cargo from the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Mammalian Cells S. Bannykh, M. Aridor, H. Plutner, T. Rowe, and W.E. Balch 127
Molecules and Vesicle Coats Involved in the Budding of Exocytotic Vesicles from the trans-Golgi Network J. Wang, M.S. Ladinsky, and K.E. Howell 139
Mapping a Retention Signal for Golgi Localization of a Viral Spike Protein Complex R.F. Pettersson, A. Andersson, and L. Melin 147
Novel Protein Kinase/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Complex Essential for Receptormediated Protein Sorting to the Vacuole in Yeast J.H. Stack, P.K. Herman, D.B. DeWald, E.G. Marcusson, J. Lin Cereghino, B.F. Horazdovsky, and S.D. Emr 157
Protein Trafficking at the Cell Surface
Control of Exocytosis in Yeast P. Novick, M.D. Garrett, P. Brennwald, A. Lauring, F.P. Finger, R. Collins, and D.R. TerBush 171
Regulation of Post-Golgi Vesicle Production in an In Vitro System J.-P. Simon, I.E. Ivanov, M. Ren, J. Zeng, B. Shopsin, D. Hersh, P. Tempst, H. Erdjument-Bromage, M. Lui, C. De Lemos-Chiarandini, M. Rosenfeld, D. Gravotta, T. Morimoto, M. Adesnik, and D.D. Sabatini 179
Late ATP-dependent and Ca++ -activated Steps of Dense Core Granule Exocytosis T.F.J. Martin, J.C. Hay, A. Banerjee, V.A. Barry, K. Ann, H.-C. Yom, B.W. Porter, and J.A. Kowalchyk 197
Membrane Transport from Early to Late Endosomes F. Aniento and J. Gruenberg 205
The GDP/GTP Cycle of Rab5 in the Regulation of Endocytotic Membrane Traffic G. Vitale, K. Alexandrov, O. Ullrich, H. Horiuchi, A. Giner, C. Dobson, O. Baykova, H. Gournier, H. Stenmark, and M. Zerial 211
Selective Membrane Recruitment of Rab GTPases S.R. Pfeffer, T. Soldati, H. Geissler, C. Rancaño, and B. Dirac-Svejstrup 221
The ARF GTPases: Defining Roles in Membrane Traffic and Organelle Structure J.G. Donaldson, H. Radhakrishna, and P.J. Peters 229
Role of Dynamin in Clathrin-coated Vesicle Formation T. Baba, H. Damke, J.E. Hinshaw, K. Ikeda, S.L. Schmid, and D.E. Warnock 235
Inhibitors That Block Both the Internalization of Caveolae and the Return of Plasmalemmal Vesicles E.J. Smart, K. Estes, and R.G.W. Anderson 243
Assembly and Intracellular Transport of MHC Class I and Class II Molecules M.R. Jackson, K. Früh, L. Karlsson, L. Teyton, Y. Yang, and P.A. Peterson 249
Trafficking and Assembly of MHC Molecules: How Viruses Elude the Immune System H.L. Ploegh 263
Assembly, Peptide Loading, and Transport of MHC Class I Molecules in a Calnexin- negative Cell Line B.K. Sadasivan, A. Cariappa, G.L. Waneck, and P. Cresswell 267
Essential Features of the Pathway for Protein Translocation across the Escherichia coli Cytoplasmic Membrane C. Murphy, W. Prinz, M. Pohlschrîder, A. Derman, and J. Beckwith 277
On the Road to Translocase W. Wickner, M.R. Leonard, and A. Economou 285
Sequence Comparison of Yeast ATP-binding Cassette Proteins S. Michaelis and C. Berkower 291
Synaptic Trafficking
A Systematic Approach to Studying Synaptic Function in Vertebrates R. Janz and T.C. Südhof 309
Biogenesis of Neurosecretory Vesicles W.B. Huttner, M. Ohashi, R.H. Kehlenbach, F.A. Barr, R. Bauerfeind, O. Bräunling, D. Corbeil, M. Hannah, H.A. Pasolli, A. Schmidt, A.A. Schmidt, C. Thiele, Y. Wang, A. Krîmer, and H.-H. Gerdes 315
Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins: Emerging Tools for the Study of Membrane Fusion R. Jahn, P.I. Hanson, H. Otto, and G. Ahnert-Hilger 329
Proteins Involved in Synaptic Vesicle Docking and Fusion M.E. Burns, S.A. Beushausen, G.J. Chin, D. Tang, W.M. DeBello, T. Dresbach, V. O'Connor, F.E. Schweizer, S.S.-H. Wang, S.W. Whiteheart, L.A. Hawkey, H. Betz, and G.J. Augustine 337
Calcium-dependent Vesicular Exocytosis: From Constitutive to Regulated Secretion M. Poo, Y. Dan, H. Song, T. Morimoto, and S. Popov 349
Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Vesicle Docking and Fusion A.E. Ting and R.H. Scheller 361
Drosophila Genetics and the Functions of Synaptic Proteins K. Parfitt, N. Reist, J. Li, R. Burgess, D. Deitcher, A. DiAntonio, and T.L. Schwarz 371
Recycling of Synaptic Vesicle Membrane Components Y. Kaneda, E. Grote, F. Bonzelius, C. Desnos, G. Herman, L. Clift-O'Grady, and R.B. Kelly 379
The Last Seconds in the Life of a Secretory Vesicle T.D. Parsons, J.R. Coorssen, H. Horstmann, A.K. Lee, F.W. Tse, and W. Almers 389
Molecular Mechanisms in Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis R. Bauerfeind, C. David, T. Galli, P.S. McPherson, K. Takei, and P. De Camilli 397
Protein Folding
Calnexin, Calreticulin, and Bip/Kar2p in Protein Folding D.N. Hebert, J.F. Simons, J.R. Peterson, and A. Helenius 405
Binding Sites for Hsp70 Molecular Chaperones in Natural Proteins M.-J. Gething, S. Blond-Elguindi, J. Buchner, A. Fourie, G. Knarr, S. Modrow, L. Nanu, M. Segal, and J. Sambrook 417
Mechanisms and Pathways of Chaperone-mediated Protein Folding F.U. Hartl 429
Kinesis of Polypeptide during GroEL-mediated Folding A.L. Horwich, J.S. Weissman, and W.A. Fenton 435
Complex Multigene Family of Functionally Distinct Hsp70s of Yeast E. Craig, T. Ziegelhoffer, J. Nelson, S. Laloraya, and J. Halladay 441
The Role of Hsp104 in Stress Tolerance and [PSI+] Propagation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S. Lindquist, M.M. Patino, Y.O. Chernoff, A.S. Kowal, M.A. Singer, S.W. Liebman, K.-H. Lee, and T. Blake 451
Protein Degradation
The N-end Rule A. Varshavsky 461
Functions of the Proteasome in Antigen Presentation A.L. Goldberg, M. Gaczynska, E. Grant, M. Michalek, and K.L. Rock 479
The Ubiquitin-mediated Proteolytic System: Involvement of Molecular Chaperones, Degradation of Oncoproteins, and Activation of Transcriptional Regulators A. Ciechanover, A. Laszlo, B. Bercovich, I. Stancovski, I. Alkalay, Y. Ben-Neriah, and A. Orian 491
The DOA Pathway: Studies on the Functions and Mechanisms of Ubiquitin-dependent Protein Degradation in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae M. Hochstrasser, F.R. Papa, P. Chen, S. Swaminathan, P. Johnson, L. Stillman, A.Y. Amerik, and S.-J. Li 503
Structure and Function of the 20S Proteasome and of Its Regulatory Complexes A. Lupas, P. Zwickl, T. Wenzel, E. Seemüller, and W. Baumeister 515
Catalytic Mechanism of the 20S Proteasome of Thermoplasma acidophilum Revealed by X-ray Crystallography D. Stock, L. Ditzel, W. Baumeister, R. Huber, and J. Löwe 525
Selective, Energy-dependent Proteolysis in Escherichia coli S. Gottesman, S. Wickner, Y. Jubete, S.K. Singh, M. Kessel, and M. Maurizi 533
Membrane Dynamics
Mitotic Disassembly and Reassembly of the Golgi Apparatus T.P. Levine, T. Misteli, C. Rabouille, and G. Warren 549
Reconstitution of Golgi Stacks from Vesiculated Golgi Membranes in Permeabilized Cells U. Acharya and V. Malhotra 559
Regulation of Endocytosis, Exocytosis, and Shape by Membrane Tension J. Dai and M.P. Sheetz 567
Membrane Fusion by Influenza Hemagglutinin J.J. Skehel, T. Bizebard, P.A. Bullough, F.M. Hughson, M. Knossow, D.A. Steinhauer, S.A. Wharton, and D.C. Wiley 573
Membrane Fusion: The Influenza Paradigm J.M. White 581
Intermediates in Membrane Fusion J. Zimmerberg, S.S. Vogel, T. Whalley, I. Plonsky, A. Sokoloff, A. Chanturia, and L.V. Chernomordik 589
Role of Water in Short-range Repulsive and Attractive Interactions between Macromolecules and Bilayers S.A. Simon and T.J. McIntosh 601
Protein Import into Organelles
Import and Folding of Proteins by Mitochondria T. Lithgow, M. Horst, S. Rospert, A. Matouschek, V. Haucke, and G. Schatz 609
Dissection of Protein Translocation across the Mitochondrial Outer and Inner Membranes M. Brunner, H.-C. Schneider, R. Lill, and W. Neupert 619
Molecular Dissection of the Mechanism of Protein Import into Chloroplasts F. Tian, Y. Ma, A. Kouranov, S.E. LaSala, and D.J. Schnell 629
Characterization of the Yeast and Human Receptors for the Carboxy-terminal Tripeptide Peroxisomal Targeting Signal E.A.C. Wiemer, S.R. Terlecky, W.M. Nuttley, and S. Subramani 637
Transport of Proteins and Metabolites across the Impermeable Membrane of Peroxisomes H.F. Tabak, Y. Elgersma, E. Hettema, M.M. Franse, T. Voorn- Brouwer, and B. Distel 649
Protein Import into Peroxisomes: An Exception to the Rule? B. Huhse and W.-H. Kunau 657
Nuclear Trafficking
Signal Sequences That Target Nuclear Import and Nuclear Export of Pre-mRNA- binding Proteins W.M. Michael, H. Siomi, M. Choi, S. Piñol-Roma, S. Nakielny, Q. Liu, and G. Dreyfuss 663
Nuclear Localization of a Cap-binding Protein Complex E. Izaurralde, C. McGuigan, and I.W. Mattaj 669
Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking: What Role for Repeated Motifs in Nucleoporins? E. Fabre, N.L. Schlaich, and E.C. Hurt 677
Cytoplasmic Factors in NLS-mediated Targeting to the Nuclear Pore Complex S.A. Adam, E.J.H. Adam, N.C. Chi, and G.D. Visser 687
Roles of Importin in Nuclear Protein Import D. Görlich and R.A. Laskey 695
Soluble Factors Required for Nuclear Protein Import M.S. Moore and G. Blobel 701
Biochemical and Structural Analysis of Nuclear Protein Import F. Melchior, T. Guan, B. Paschal, and L. Gerace 707
Cell Polarity
Programming of Cell Polarity in Budding Yeast by Endogenous and Exogenous Signals I. Herskowitz, H.-O. Park, S. Sanders, N. Valtz, and M. Peter 717
Establishment of Cell Polarity in Yeast J.R. Pringle, E. Bi, H.A. Harkins, J.E. Zahner, C. De Virgilio, J. Chant, K. Corrado, and H. Fares 729
Molecular Sorting of Membrane Proteins in Polarized and Nonpolarized Cells I. Mellman 745
Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms of Polarized Membrane Traffic: Reconstitution of Three Transport Steps in Epithelial Cells Using Streptolysin-O Permeabilization F. Lafont, K. Simons, and E. Ikonen 753
Generation of Epithelial Cell Polarity: Roles for Protein Trafficking, Membrane- Cytoskeleton, and E-Cadherin-mediated Cell Adhesion R.W. Mays, W.J. Nelson, and J.A. Marrs 763
Regulation of Protein Traffic in Polarized Epithelial Cells: The Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Model K.E. Mostov, Y. Altschuler, S.J. Chapin, C. Enrich, S.-H. Low, F. Luton, J. Richman-Eisenstat, K.L. Singer, K. Tang, and T. Weimbs 775
Molecular Motors
Myosin Structure and Function J.A. Spudich, J. Finer, B. Simmons, K. Ruppel, B. Patterson, and T. Uyeda 783
Statistical Kinetics of Processive Enzymes M.J. Schnitzer and S.M. Block 793
Targeting of Cytoplasmic Dynein to Membranous Organelles and Kinetochores via Dynactin R.B. Vallee, K.T. Vaughan, and C.J. Echeverri 803
Analysis of Nuclear Migration in Aspergillus nidulans X. Xiang, A.H. Osmani, S.A. Osmani, C.H. Roghi, D.A. Willins, S. Beckwith, G. Goldman, Y. Chiu, M. Xin, B. Liu, and N.R. Morris 813
Summary: G.E. Palade 821
Foreword xix
Protein Translocation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi
Unidirectional and Bidirectional Protein Traffic across Membranes G. Blobel 1
Coat Proteins and Selective Protein Packaging into Transport Vesicles R. Schekman, C. Barlowe, S. Bednarek, J. Campbell, T. Doering, R. Duden, M. Kuehn, M. Rexach, T. Yeung, and L. Orci 11
Targeting Pathways to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane J.D. Brown, D.T.W. Ng, S.C. Ogg, and P. Walter 23
Posttranslational Protein Transport into the Endoplasmic Reticulum S. Panzner, L. Dreier, E. Hartmann, S. Kostka, and T.A. Rapoport 31
Protein Insertion into the Membrane of the Endoplasmic Reticulum: The Architecture of the Translocation Site B. Martoglio and B. Dobberstein 41
Nascent-polypeptide-associated Complex: A Bridge between Ribosome and Cytosol B. Lauring, S. Wang, H. Sakai, T.A. Davis, B. Wiedmann, G. Kreibich, and M. Wied- Mann 47
Protein-conducting Channels for the Translocation of Proteins into and across Membranes S.M. Simon 57
The Environment of Nascent Secretory and Membrane Proteins at the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane during Translocation and Integration A.E. Johnson, S. Liao, J. Lin, B. Hamman, H. Do, A. Cowie, and D.W. Andrews 71
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Oligosaccharyltransferase: A Large Hetero-oligomeric Complex in the Endoplasmic Reticulum D. Karaoglu, S. Silberstein, D.J. Kelleher, and R. Gilmore 83
The Erythropoietin Receptor: Biogenesis, Dimerization, and Intracellular Signal Transduction H.F. Lodish, D.J. Hilton, U. Klingmüller, S.S. Watowich, and H. Wu 93
SNAREs Involved in Traffic through the Golgi Complex H.R.B Pelham, D.K. Banfield, and M.J. Lewis 105
Targeting to the Endoplasmic Reticulum by Dilysine Motifs: Role of Coat Proteins P. Cosson and F. Letourneur 113
Factors Mediating the Late Stages of ER-to-Golgi Transport in Yeast Y. Jiang, M. Sacher, B. Singer-Krüger, J.P. Lian, S. Stone, and S. Ferro-Novick 119
Regulated Export of Cargo from the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Mammalian Cells S. Bannykh, M. Aridor, H. Plutner, T. Rowe, and W.E. Balch 127
Molecules and Vesicle Coats Involved in the Budding of Exocytotic Vesicles from the trans-Golgi Network J. Wang, M.S. Ladinsky, and K.E. Howell 139
Mapping a Retention Signal for Golgi Localization of a Viral Spike Protein Complex R.F. Pettersson, A. Andersson, and L. Melin 147
Novel Protein Kinase/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Complex Essential for Receptormediated Protein Sorting to the Vacuole in Yeast J.H. Stack, P.K. Herman, D.B. DeWald, E.G. Marcusson, J. Lin Cereghino, B.F. Horazdovsky, and S.D. Emr 157
Protein Trafficking at the Cell Surface
Control of Exocytosis in Yeast P. Novick, M.D. Garrett, P. Brennwald, A. Lauring, F.P. Finger, R. Collins, and D.R. TerBush 171
Regulation of Post-Golgi Vesicle Production in an In Vitro System J.-P. Simon, I.E. Ivanov, M. Ren, J. Zeng, B. Shopsin, D. Hersh, P. Tempst, H. Erdjument-Bromage, M. Lui, C. De Lemos-Chiarandini, M. Rosenfeld, D. Gravotta, T. Morimoto, M. Adesnik, and D.D. Sabatini 179
Late ATP-dependent and Ca++ -activated Steps of Dense Core Granule Exocytosis T.F.J. Martin, J.C. Hay, A. Banerjee, V.A. Barry, K. Ann, H.-C. Yom, B.W. Porter, and J.A. Kowalchyk 197
Membrane Transport from Early to Late Endosomes F. Aniento and J. Gruenberg 205
The GDP/GTP Cycle of Rab5 in the Regulation of Endocytotic Membrane Traffic G. Vitale, K. Alexandrov, O. Ullrich, H. Horiuchi, A. Giner, C. Dobson, O. Baykova, H. Gournier, H. Stenmark, and M. Zerial 211
Selective Membrane Recruitment of Rab GTPases S.R. Pfeffer, T. Soldati, H. Geissler, C. Rancaño, and B. Dirac-Svejstrup 221
The ARF GTPases: Defining Roles in Membrane Traffic and Organelle Structure J.G. Donaldson, H. Radhakrishna, and P.J. Peters 229
Role of Dynamin in Clathrin-coated Vesicle Formation T. Baba, H. Damke, J.E. Hinshaw, K. Ikeda, S.L. Schmid, and D.E. Warnock 235
Inhibitors That Block Both the Internalization of Caveolae and the Return of Plasmalemmal Vesicles E.J. Smart, K. Estes, and R.G.W. Anderson 243
Assembly and Intracellular Transport of MHC Class I and Class II Molecules M.R. Jackson, K. Früh, L. Karlsson, L. Teyton, Y. Yang, and P.A. Peterson 249
Trafficking and Assembly of MHC Molecules: How Viruses Elude the Immune System H.L. Ploegh 263
Assembly, Peptide Loading, and Transport of MHC Class I Molecules in a Calnexin- negative Cell Line B.K. Sadasivan, A. Cariappa, G.L. Waneck, and P. Cresswell 267
Essential Features of the Pathway for Protein Translocation across the Escherichia coli Cytoplasmic Membrane C. Murphy, W. Prinz, M. Pohlschrîder, A. Derman, and J. Beckwith 277
On the Road to Translocase W. Wickner, M.R. Leonard, and A. Economou 285
Sequence Comparison of Yeast ATP-binding Cassette Proteins S. Michaelis and C. Berkower 291
Synaptic Trafficking
A Systematic Approach to Studying Synaptic Function in Vertebrates R. Janz and T.C. Südhof 309
Biogenesis of Neurosecretory Vesicles W.B. Huttner, M. Ohashi, R.H. Kehlenbach, F.A. Barr, R. Bauerfeind, O. Bräunling, D. Corbeil, M. Hannah, H.A. Pasolli, A. Schmidt, A.A. Schmidt, C. Thiele, Y. Wang, A. Krîmer, and H.-H. Gerdes 315
Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins: Emerging Tools for the Study of Membrane Fusion R. Jahn, P.I. Hanson, H. Otto, and G. Ahnert-Hilger 329
Proteins Involved in Synaptic Vesicle Docking and Fusion M.E. Burns, S.A. Beushausen, G.J. Chin, D. Tang, W.M. DeBello, T. Dresbach, V. O'Connor, F.E. Schweizer, S.S.-H. Wang, S.W. Whiteheart, L.A. Hawkey, H. Betz, and G.J. Augustine 337
Calcium-dependent Vesicular Exocytosis: From Constitutive to Regulated Secretion M. Poo, Y. Dan, H. Song, T. Morimoto, and S. Popov 349
Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Vesicle Docking and Fusion A.E. Ting and R.H. Scheller 361
Drosophila Genetics and the Functions of Synaptic Proteins K. Parfitt, N. Reist, J. Li, R. Burgess, D. Deitcher, A. DiAntonio, and T.L. Schwarz 371
Recycling of Synaptic Vesicle Membrane Components Y. Kaneda, E. Grote, F. Bonzelius, C. Desnos, G. Herman, L. Clift-O'Grady, and R.B. Kelly 379
The Last Seconds in the Life of a Secretory Vesicle T.D. Parsons, J.R. Coorssen, H. Horstmann, A.K. Lee, F.W. Tse, and W. Almers 389
Molecular Mechanisms in Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis R. Bauerfeind, C. David, T. Galli, P.S. McPherson, K. Takei, and P. De Camilli 397
Protein Folding
Calnexin, Calreticulin, and Bip/Kar2p in Protein Folding D.N. Hebert, J.F. Simons, J.R. Peterson, and A. Helenius 405
Binding Sites for Hsp70 Molecular Chaperones in Natural Proteins M.-J. Gething, S. Blond-Elguindi, J. Buchner, A. Fourie, G. Knarr, S. Modrow, L. Nanu, M. Segal, and J. Sambrook 417
Mechanisms and Pathways of Chaperone-mediated Protein Folding F.U. Hartl 429
Kinesis of Polypeptide during GroEL-mediated Folding A.L. Horwich, J.S. Weissman, and W.A. Fenton 435
Complex Multigene Family of Functionally Distinct Hsp70s of Yeast E. Craig, T. Ziegelhoffer, J. Nelson, S. Laloraya, and J. Halladay 441
The Role of Hsp104 in Stress Tolerance and [PSI+] Propagation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S. Lindquist, M.M. Patino, Y.O. Chernoff, A.S. Kowal, M.A. Singer, S.W. Liebman, K.-H. Lee, and T. Blake 451
Protein Degradation
The N-end Rule A. Varshavsky 461
Functions of the Proteasome in Antigen Presentation A.L. Goldberg, M. Gaczynska, E. Grant, M. Michalek, and K.L. Rock 479
The Ubiquitin-mediated Proteolytic System: Involvement of Molecular Chaperones, Degradation of Oncoproteins, and Activation of Transcriptional Regulators A. Ciechanover, A. Laszlo, B. Bercovich, I. Stancovski, I. Alkalay, Y. Ben-Neriah, and A. Orian 491
The DOA Pathway: Studies on the Functions and Mechanisms of Ubiquitin-dependent Protein Degradation in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae M. Hochstrasser, F.R. Papa, P. Chen, S. Swaminathan, P. Johnson, L. Stillman, A.Y. Amerik, and S.-J. Li 503
Structure and Function of the 20S Proteasome and of Its Regulatory Complexes A. Lupas, P. Zwickl, T. Wenzel, E. Seemüller, and W. Baumeister 515
Catalytic Mechanism of the 20S Proteasome of Thermoplasma acidophilum Revealed by X-ray Crystallography D. Stock, L. Ditzel, W. Baumeister, R. Huber, and J. Löwe 525
Selective, Energy-dependent Proteolysis in Escherichia coli S. Gottesman, S. Wickner, Y. Jubete, S.K. Singh, M. Kessel, and M. Maurizi 533
Membrane Dynamics
Mitotic Disassembly and Reassembly of the Golgi Apparatus T.P. Levine, T. Misteli, C. Rabouille, and G. Warren 549
Reconstitution of Golgi Stacks from Vesiculated Golgi Membranes in Permeabilized Cells U. Acharya and V. Malhotra 559
Regulation of Endocytosis, Exocytosis, and Shape by Membrane Tension J. Dai and M.P. Sheetz 567
Membrane Fusion by Influenza Hemagglutinin J.J. Skehel, T. Bizebard, P.A. Bullough, F.M. Hughson, M. Knossow, D.A. Steinhauer, S.A. Wharton, and D.C. Wiley 573
Membrane Fusion: The Influenza Paradigm J.M. White 581
Intermediates in Membrane Fusion J. Zimmerberg, S.S. Vogel, T. Whalley, I. Plonsky, A. Sokoloff, A. Chanturia, and L.V. Chernomordik 589
Role of Water in Short-range Repulsive and Attractive Interactions between Macromolecules and Bilayers S.A. Simon and T.J. McIntosh 601
Protein Import into Organelles
Import and Folding of Proteins by Mitochondria T. Lithgow, M. Horst, S. Rospert, A. Matouschek, V. Haucke, and G. Schatz 609
Dissection of Protein Translocation across the Mitochondrial Outer and Inner Membranes M. Brunner, H.-C. Schneider, R. Lill, and W. Neupert 619
Molecular Dissection of the Mechanism of Protein Import into Chloroplasts F. Tian, Y. Ma, A. Kouranov, S.E. LaSala, and D.J. Schnell 629
Characterization of the Yeast and Human Receptors for the Carboxy-terminal Tripeptide Peroxisomal Targeting Signal E.A.C. Wiemer, S.R. Terlecky, W.M. Nuttley, and S. Subramani 637
Transport of Proteins and Metabolites across the Impermeable Membrane of Peroxisomes H.F. Tabak, Y. Elgersma, E. Hettema, M.M. Franse, T. Voorn- Brouwer, and B. Distel 649
Protein Import into Peroxisomes: An Exception to the Rule? B. Huhse and W.-H. Kunau 657
Nuclear Trafficking
Signal Sequences That Target Nuclear Import and Nuclear Export of Pre-mRNA- binding Proteins W.M. Michael, H. Siomi, M. Choi, S. Piñol-Roma, S. Nakielny, Q. Liu, and G. Dreyfuss 663
Nuclear Localization of a Cap-binding Protein Complex E. Izaurralde, C. McGuigan, and I.W. Mattaj 669
Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking: What Role for Repeated Motifs in Nucleoporins? E. Fabre, N.L. Schlaich, and E.C. Hurt 677
Cytoplasmic Factors in NLS-mediated Targeting to the Nuclear Pore Complex S.A. Adam, E.J.H. Adam, N.C. Chi, and G.D. Visser 687
Roles of Importin in Nuclear Protein Import D. Görlich and R.A. Laskey 695
Soluble Factors Required for Nuclear Protein Import M.S. Moore and G. Blobel 701
Biochemical and Structural Analysis of Nuclear Protein Import F. Melchior, T. Guan, B. Paschal, and L. Gerace 707
Cell Polarity
Programming of Cell Polarity in Budding Yeast by Endogenous and Exogenous Signals I. Herskowitz, H.-O. Park, S. Sanders, N. Valtz, and M. Peter 717
Establishment of Cell Polarity in Yeast J.R. Pringle, E. Bi, H.A. Harkins, J.E. Zahner, C. De Virgilio, J. Chant, K. Corrado, and H. Fares 729
Molecular Sorting of Membrane Proteins in Polarized and Nonpolarized Cells I. Mellman 745
Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms of Polarized Membrane Traffic: Reconstitution of Three Transport Steps in Epithelial Cells Using Streptolysin-O Permeabilization F. Lafont, K. Simons, and E. Ikonen 753
Generation of Epithelial Cell Polarity: Roles for Protein Trafficking, Membrane- Cytoskeleton, and E-Cadherin-mediated Cell Adhesion R.W. Mays, W.J. Nelson, and J.A. Marrs 763
Regulation of Protein Traffic in Polarized Epithelial Cells: The Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Model K.E. Mostov, Y. Altschuler, S.J. Chapin, C. Enrich, S.-H. Low, F. Luton, J. Richman-Eisenstat, K.L. Singer, K. Tang, and T. Weimbs 775
Molecular Motors
Myosin Structure and Function J.A. Spudich, J. Finer, B. Simmons, K. Ruppel, B. Patterson, and T. Uyeda 783
Statistical Kinetics of Processive Enzymes M.J. Schnitzer and S.M. Block 793
Targeting of Cytoplasmic Dynein to Membranous Organelles and Kinetochores via Dynactin R.B. Vallee, K.T. Vaughan, and C.J. Echeverri 803
Analysis of Nuclear Migration in Aspergillus nidulans X. Xiang, A.H. Osmani, S.A. Osmani, C.H. Roghi, D.A. Willins, S. Beckwith, G. Goldman, Y. Chiu, M. Xin, B. Liu, and N.R. Morris 813
Summary: G.E. Palade 821
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