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 LV: The Brain 1990 |
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From left: Dr. Jan Witkowski, Dr. Francis Crick  SYMPOSIUM SYNOPSIS LIST OF PARTICIPANTS CONTENTS OF SYMPOSIUM VOLUME PHOTOGRAPHS PUBLISHED VOLUME  |
The Brain
Symposium Volume LV Contents
Symposium Participants v
Foreword xv
Molecular Mechanisms for Signaling
Molecular Insights into Excitation-Contraction Coupling S. Numa, T. Tanabe, H. Takeshima, A. Mikami, T. Niidome, S. Nishimura, B.A. Adams, and K.G. Beam 1
Molecular Studies of Voltage-gated Potassium Channels E. Isacoff, D. Papazian, L. Timpe, Y.-N. Jan, and L.-Y. Jan 9
Differences in Gating among Amino-terminal Variants of Shaker Potassium Channels R.W. Aldrich, T. Hoshi, and W.N. Zagotta 19
The GABAA Receptor Family: Molecular and Functional Diversity P.H. Seeburg, W. Wisden, T.A. Verdoorn, D.B. Pritchett, P. Werner, A. Herb, H. Lüddens, R. Sprengel, and B. Sakmann 29
Glutamate Receptor GluR-K1: Structure, Function, and Expression in the Brain M. Hollmann, S.W. Rogers, A. O'Shea-Greenfield, E.S. Deneris, T.E. Hughes, G.P. Gasic, and S. Heinemann 41
Quantal Analysis of Excitatory Synaptic Mechanisms in the Mammalian Central Ner- vous System J.J.B. Jack, D.M. Kullmann, A.U. Larkman, G. Major, and K.J. Stratford 57
Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal Neurons: Numerical Reconstruction of Quantal IPSCs C. Busch and B. Sakmann 69
Excitatory Synaptic Integration in Hippocampal Pyramids and Dentate Granule Cells P. Andersen, M. Raastad, and J.F. Storm 81
Physiological Properties of Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in the Central Nervous System S. Hestrin, D.J. Perkel, P. Sah, T. Manabe, P. Renner, and R.A. Nicoll 87
Short-term Electrophysiological Actions of Insulin on Aplysia Neurons: Identification of a Possible Novel Modulatory Second-messenger Mechanism J.H. Schwartz E. Shapiro, S.D. Brown, and A.R. Saltiel 95
Structure and Regulation of Type II Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase in Central Nervous System Neurons M.B. Kennedy, M.K. Bennett, R.F. Bulleit, N.E. Erondu, V.R. Jennings, S.G. Miller, S.S. Molloy, B.L. Patton, and L.J. Schenker 101
Molecular Analysis of Proteins Associated with the Synaptic Vesicle Membrane J.K. Ngsee, W.S. Trimble, L.A. Elferink, B. Wendland, K. Miller, N. Calakos, and R H. Scheller 111
Presynaptic Mechanisms in Hippocampal Long-term Potentiation T.V.P. Bliss, M.L. Errington, M.A. Lynch, and J.H. Williams 119
Computational Implications of NMDA Receptor Channels J.M. Bekkers and C.F. Stevens 131
Modified Hebbian Rule for Synaptic Enhancement in the Hippocampus and the Visual Cortex T. Bonhoeffer, A. Kossel, J. Bolz, and A. Aertsen 137
Long-term Potentiation: Presynaptic Enhancement following Postsynaptic Activation of Ca + +-dependent Protein Kinases R..W. Tsien and R. Malinow 47
Toward a Representational Hypothesis of the Role of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in Spatial and Other Forms of Learning R.G.M. Morris 161
Neuronal and Network Determinants of Simple and Higher-order Features of Associa- tive Learning: Experimental and Modeling Approaches J.H. Byrne, D.A. Baxter, D.V. Buonomano, and J.L. Raymond 175
Long-term Facilitation in Aplysia: Persistent Phosphorylation and Structural Changes S. Schacher, D. Glanzman, A. Barzilai, P. Dash, S.G.N. Grant, F. Keller, M. Mayford, and E.R. Kandel 187
Genetic Dissection of Memory Formation in Drosophila melanogaster T. Tully, S. Boynton, C. Brandes, J.M. Dura, R. Mihalek, T. Preat, and A. Villella 203
Synaptic Regulation of Immediate-Early Genes in Brain P.F. Worley, A.J. Cole, TH. Murphy, B.A. Christy, Y. Nakabeppu, and J.M. Baraban 213
Inducible Proto-oncogene Transcription Factors: Third Messengers in the Brain? T. Curran, C. Abate, D.R. Cohen, P.F. Macgregor, F.J. Rauscher Ill, J.L. Sonnen- berg, J.A. Connor, and J.I. Morgan 225
Neural Development
An Analysis of the Cell-Cell Interactions That Control the Proliferation and Differen- tiation of a Bipotential Glial Progenitor Cell in Culture M.C. Raft I.K. Hart, W.D. Richardson, and L.E. Lillien 235
Role of Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Drosophila Neurogenesis H. Vaessin, M. Caudy, E. Bier, L.-Y. Jan, and Y.-N. Jan 239
Generation of Neuronal Diversity: Analogies and Homologies with Hematopoiesis H. Nawa, T. Yamamori, T. Le, and P.H. Patterson 247
Contributions of Cell-extrinsic and Cell-intrinsic Factors to the Differentiation of a Neural-crest-derived Neuroendocrine Progenitor Cell N. Mori, S.J. Birren, R. Stein, D. Stemple, D.J. Vandenbergh, C.W Wuenschell, and D.J. Anderson 255
Studies of Cortical Development Using Retrovirus Vectors C.L. Cepko, C.P. Austin, C. Walsh, E.F. Ryder, A. Halliday, and S. Fields-Berry 265
Guidance of Developing Axons by Diffusible Chemoattractants M. Placzek, M. Tessier-Lavigne, T. Yamada, J. Dodd, and T.M. Jessell 279
Mechanisms Regulating Cell Number and Type in the Mammalian Central Nervous System R. McKay, N. Valtz, M. Cunningham, and T. Hayes 291
Place-dependent Cell Adhesion, Process Retraction, and Spatial Signaling in Neural Morphogenesis G.M. Edelman and B.A. Cunningham 303
Cadherin Subclasses: Differential Expression and Their Roles in Neural Morphogenesis M. Takeich4 H. Inuzuka, K. Shimamura, T. Fujimori, and A. Nagafuchi 319
Molecular Genetics of Neuronal Recognition in Drosophila: Evolution and Function of Immunoglobulin Superfamily Cell Adhesion Molecules G. Grenningloh, A.J. Bieber, E.J. Rehm, P.M. Snow, Z.R. Traquina, M. Hortsch, N.H. Patel, and C.S. Goodman 327
Neuronal Receptors That Regulate Axon Growth L.F. Reichardt, B. Bossy, S. Carbonetto, I. de Curtis, C. Emmett, D.E. Hall, M.J. Ignatius, F. Lefcort, E. Napolitano, T. Large, K.M. Neugebauer, and K.J. Tomaselli 341
Directional Cues for Retinal Axons B. Stahl, Y. von Boxberg, B. Mililer, J. Walter, U. Schwarz, and F. Bonhoeffer 351
Neuronal Growth Cone as an Integrator of Complex Environmental Information S.B. Kater and P.B. Guthrie 359
Neurotrophic Factors, Their Receptors, and the Signal Transduction Pathways They Activate G.D. Yancopoulos, P.C. Maisonpierre, N.Y. Ip, T.H. Aldrich, L. Belluscio, T.G. Boulton, M.H. Cobb, S.P. Squinto, and M.E. Furth 371
Compartmentalization of Acetylcholine Receptor Gene Expression during Develop- ment of the Neuromuscular Junction J.P. Changeux, C. Babinet, J.L. Bessereau, A. Bessis, A. Cartaud, J. Cartaud, P. Daubas, A. Devillers- Thiery, A. Duclert, J.A. Hill, B. Jasmin, A. Klarsfeld, R. Laufer, H.O. Nghiem, J. Piette, M. Roa, and A.M. Salmon 381
Mr 42,000 ARIA: A Protein That May Regulate the Accumulation of Acetylcholine Receptors at Developing Chick Neuromuscular Junctions D.L. Falls, D.A. Harris, F.A. Johnson, M.M. Morgan, G. Corfas, and G.D. Fischbach 397
The Agrin Hypothesis U.J. McMahan 407
S-Laminin J.R. Sanes, D.D. Hunter, T.L. Green, and J.P. Merlie 419
NMDA Receptor as a Mediator of Activity-dependent Synaptogenesis in the Develop- ing Brain M. Constantine-Paton 431
Construction of Modular Circuits in the Mammalian Brain D. Purves and A.-S. LaMantia 445
Target Selection by Cortical Axons: Alternative Mechanisms to Establish Axonal Connections in the Developing Brain D.D.M. O'Leary, A.R. Bicknese, J.A. De Carlos, C.D. Heffner, S.E. Koester, L.J. Kutka, and T. Terashima 453
Pioneer Neurons and Target Selection in Cerebral Cortical Development C.J. Shatz, A. Ghosh, S.K. McConnell, K.L. Allendoerfer, E. Friauf, and A. Antonini 469
Activity-dependent Regulation of Gene Expression in Adult Monkey Visual Cortex E.J. Jones, D.L. Benson, S.H.C. Hendry, and P.J. Isackson 481
Factors Involved in the Establishment of Specific Interconnections between Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex C. Blakemore and Z. Molnar 491
Expression of Neural Proteoglycans Correlates with the Acquisition of Mature Neuro- nal Properties in the Mammalian Brain S. Hockfield, R.G. Kalb, S. Zaremba, and H. Fryer 505
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Organization of Afferents to Single Orientation Columns in Visual Cortex M.P. Stryker, B. Chapman, K.D. Miller, and K.R. Zahs 515
Sensory and Motor Systems
Chemosensory Cell Function in the Behavior and Development of Caenorhabditis elegans C.I. Bargmann, J.H. Thomas, and H.R. Horvitz 529
Bacterial Microprocessing H.C. Berg 539
Ultrastructural Correlates of Mechanoelectrical Transduction in Hair Cells of the Bullfrog's Internal Ear R A. Jacobs and A.J. Hudspeth 547
Model of phototransduction in Retinal Rods V. Torre, S. Forti, A. Menini, and M. Campani 563
Similar Algorithms in Different Sensory Systems and Animals M. Konishi 575
Specialized Subsystems for Processing Biologically Important Complex Sounds: Cross- correlation Analysis for Ranging in the Bat's Brain N. Suga, J.F. Olsen, and J.A. Butman 585
Associative Memory Function in piriform (Olfactory) Cortex: Computational Modeling and Neuropharmacology M.E. Hasselmo, M.A. Wilson, B.P. Anderson, and J.M. Bower 599
Neural Image Transformation in the Somatosensory System of the Monkey: Com- parison of Neurophysiological Observations with Responses in a Neural Network Model I.N. Bankman, S.S. Hsiao, and K.O. Johnson 611 Protein-Chromophore Interactions in Rhodopsin Studied by Site-directed Mutagenesis J. Nathans 621
Cone Excitations and Color Vision T.W. Kraft, C.L. Makino, R.A. Mathies, J. Lugtenburg, J.L. Schnapf, and D.A. Baylor 635
Color Puzzles D. Hubel and M. Livingstone 643
Parallelism and Functional Specialization in Human Visual Cortex S. Zeki 651
Lateral Interactions in Visual Cortex C.D. Gilbert, J.A. Hirsch, and T.N. Wiesel 663
Modular and hierarchical Organization of Extrestriate Visual Cortex in the Macaque Monkey D.C. Van Essen, D.J. Felleman, E.A. DeYoe, J. Olavarria, and J. Knierim 679
Neuronal Mechanisms of Motion Perception W.T. Newsome, K.H. Britten, C.D. Salzman, and J.A. Movshon 697
Visual Cortical Signals Supporting Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements J. A. Movshon, S. G. Lisberger, and R. J. Krauzlis 707
Functional Specialization for Visual Motion Processing in Primate Cerebral Cortex R.H. Wurtz, D.S. Yamasaki, C.J. Duffy, and J.-P. Roy 717
Representation of Visuomotor Space in the Parietal Lobe of the Monkey M.E. Goldberg, C. L. Colby, and J.-R. Duhamel 729
Hierarchical Processing of Motion in the Visual Cortex of Monkey R.A. Andersen, R.J. Snowden, S. Treue, and M. Graziano 741
Cortical Neural Mechanisms of Stereopsis Studied with Dynamic Random-dot Stereo- grams G.F. Poggio 749
The Grain of Visual Space G. Westheimer 759
Neural Models of Binocular Depth Perception S.R. Lehky, A. Pouget, and T.J. Sejnowski 765
Cellular Network Underlying Locomotion as Revealed in a Lower Vertebrate Model: Transmitters, Membrane Properties, Circuitry, and Simulation S. Grillner, P. Wallen, and G. Viana di Prisco 779
Understanding Sensorimotor Feedback through Optimal Control G.E. Loeb, W.S. Levine, and J. He 791
Population Coding of the Direction, Amplitude, and Velocity of Saccadic Eye Move ments by Neurons in the Superior Colliculus D. L. Sparks, C. Lee, and W H. Rohrer 805
Properties of Pathways That Mediate Motor Learning in the Vestibulo-ocular Reflex of Monkeys S.G. Lisberger, D.M. Broussard, and H.M. Bronte-Stewart 813
Teaching Neural Networks to Process Temporal Signals for Oculomotor Con- trol D.B. Arnold and D.A. Robinson 823
Motor-Space Coding in the Central Nervous System F.A. Mussa-Ivaldi, S.F. Giszter, and E. Bizzi 827
Roles of Proprioceptive Input in the Programming of Arm Trajectories C. Ghez, J. Gordon, M.F. Ghilardi, C.N. Christakos, and S.E. Cooper 837
Neural Coding of the Direction of Reaching and a Comparison with Saccadic Eye Movements A.P. Georgopoulos 849
Cognitive Neuroscience
Cortical Neuronal Periodicities and Frequency Discrimintation in the Sense of Flutter V.B. Mountcastle, M.A. Steinmetz, and R. Romo 861
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cortical Networks Underlying Cortical Contributions to Learning and Nondeclarative Memory M.M. Merzrnich, G.H. Recanzone, W.M. Jenkins, and K.A. Grajski 873
Three-dimensional Object Recognition S. Ullman 889
A Theory of How the Brain Might Work T. Poggio 899
Toward a Neural Understanding of Visual Surface Representation K. Nakayama and S. Shimojo 911
Haptic Illusions: Experiments on Human Manipulation and Perception of "Virtual Objects" N. Hogan, B.A. Kay, E.D. Fasse, and F.A. Mussa-Ivaldi 925
Intrinsic Electrical Properties of Nerve Cells and Their Role in Network Oscillation R. Llinás 933
Formation of Cortical Cell Assemblies W Singer, C. Gray, A. Engel, P. Konig, A. Artola, and S. Bröcher 939
Some Reflections on Visual Awareness F. Crick and C. Koch 953
Attentional Control of Visual Perception: Cortical and Subcortical Mechanisms R. Desimone, M. Wessinger, L. Thomas, and W Schneider 963
Early Vision Is Bottom-up, Except for Focal Attention B. Julesz 973
Cytochrome Oxidase and Functional Coding in Primate Striate Cortex: A Hypothsis J. Allman and S. Zucker 979
Anatomical Explorations of Mind: Studies with Modern Imaging Techniques M.E. Raichle 983
Frontal Lobes and Memory for the Temporal Order of Recent Events B. Milner, M.P. McAndrews, and G. Leonard 987
Theoretical and Neurophysiological Analysis of the Functions of the Primate Hip- pocampus in Memory E.T. Rolls 995
Memory: Organization of Brain Systems and Cognition L.R. Squire, S. Zola-Morgan, C.B. Cave, F. Haist, G. Musen, and W.A. Suzuki 1007
Neocortical Memory Circuits P.S. Goldman-Rakic, S. Funahashi, and C.J. Bruce 1025
Neural Regionalization of Knowledge Access: Preliminary Evidence A.R. Damasio, H. Damasio, D. Tranel, and J.P. Brandt 1039
Summary M.P. Stryker 1049
Foreword xv
Molecular Mechanisms for Signaling
Molecular Insights into Excitation-Contraction Coupling S. Numa, T. Tanabe, H. Takeshima, A. Mikami, T. Niidome, S. Nishimura, B.A. Adams, and K.G. Beam 1
Molecular Studies of Voltage-gated Potassium Channels E. Isacoff, D. Papazian, L. Timpe, Y.-N. Jan, and L.-Y. Jan 9
Differences in Gating among Amino-terminal Variants of Shaker Potassium Channels R.W. Aldrich, T. Hoshi, and W.N. Zagotta 19
The GABAA Receptor Family: Molecular and Functional Diversity P.H. Seeburg, W. Wisden, T.A. Verdoorn, D.B. Pritchett, P. Werner, A. Herb, H. Lüddens, R. Sprengel, and B. Sakmann 29
Glutamate Receptor GluR-K1: Structure, Function, and Expression in the Brain M. Hollmann, S.W. Rogers, A. O'Shea-Greenfield, E.S. Deneris, T.E. Hughes, G.P. Gasic, and S. Heinemann 41
Quantal Analysis of Excitatory Synaptic Mechanisms in the Mammalian Central Ner- vous System J.J.B. Jack, D.M. Kullmann, A.U. Larkman, G. Major, and K.J. Stratford 57
Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal Neurons: Numerical Reconstruction of Quantal IPSCs C. Busch and B. Sakmann 69
Excitatory Synaptic Integration in Hippocampal Pyramids and Dentate Granule Cells P. Andersen, M. Raastad, and J.F. Storm 81
Physiological Properties of Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in the Central Nervous System S. Hestrin, D.J. Perkel, P. Sah, T. Manabe, P. Renner, and R.A. Nicoll 87
Short-term Electrophysiological Actions of Insulin on Aplysia Neurons: Identification of a Possible Novel Modulatory Second-messenger Mechanism J.H. Schwartz E. Shapiro, S.D. Brown, and A.R. Saltiel 95
Structure and Regulation of Type II Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase in Central Nervous System Neurons M.B. Kennedy, M.K. Bennett, R.F. Bulleit, N.E. Erondu, V.R. Jennings, S.G. Miller, S.S. Molloy, B.L. Patton, and L.J. Schenker 101
Molecular Analysis of Proteins Associated with the Synaptic Vesicle Membrane J.K. Ngsee, W.S. Trimble, L.A. Elferink, B. Wendland, K. Miller, N. Calakos, and R H. Scheller 111
Presynaptic Mechanisms in Hippocampal Long-term Potentiation T.V.P. Bliss, M.L. Errington, M.A. Lynch, and J.H. Williams 119
Computational Implications of NMDA Receptor Channels J.M. Bekkers and C.F. Stevens 131
Modified Hebbian Rule for Synaptic Enhancement in the Hippocampus and the Visual Cortex T. Bonhoeffer, A. Kossel, J. Bolz, and A. Aertsen 137
Long-term Potentiation: Presynaptic Enhancement following Postsynaptic Activation of Ca + +-dependent Protein Kinases R..W. Tsien and R. Malinow 47
Toward a Representational Hypothesis of the Role of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in Spatial and Other Forms of Learning R.G.M. Morris 161
Neuronal and Network Determinants of Simple and Higher-order Features of Associa- tive Learning: Experimental and Modeling Approaches J.H. Byrne, D.A. Baxter, D.V. Buonomano, and J.L. Raymond 175
Long-term Facilitation in Aplysia: Persistent Phosphorylation and Structural Changes S. Schacher, D. Glanzman, A. Barzilai, P. Dash, S.G.N. Grant, F. Keller, M. Mayford, and E.R. Kandel 187
Genetic Dissection of Memory Formation in Drosophila melanogaster T. Tully, S. Boynton, C. Brandes, J.M. Dura, R. Mihalek, T. Preat, and A. Villella 203
Synaptic Regulation of Immediate-Early Genes in Brain P.F. Worley, A.J. Cole, TH. Murphy, B.A. Christy, Y. Nakabeppu, and J.M. Baraban 213
Inducible Proto-oncogene Transcription Factors: Third Messengers in the Brain? T. Curran, C. Abate, D.R. Cohen, P.F. Macgregor, F.J. Rauscher Ill, J.L. Sonnen- berg, J.A. Connor, and J.I. Morgan 225
Neural Development
An Analysis of the Cell-Cell Interactions That Control the Proliferation and Differen- tiation of a Bipotential Glial Progenitor Cell in Culture M.C. Raft I.K. Hart, W.D. Richardson, and L.E. Lillien 235
Role of Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Drosophila Neurogenesis H. Vaessin, M. Caudy, E. Bier, L.-Y. Jan, and Y.-N. Jan 239
Generation of Neuronal Diversity: Analogies and Homologies with Hematopoiesis H. Nawa, T. Yamamori, T. Le, and P.H. Patterson 247
Contributions of Cell-extrinsic and Cell-intrinsic Factors to the Differentiation of a Neural-crest-derived Neuroendocrine Progenitor Cell N. Mori, S.J. Birren, R. Stein, D. Stemple, D.J. Vandenbergh, C.W Wuenschell, and D.J. Anderson 255
Studies of Cortical Development Using Retrovirus Vectors C.L. Cepko, C.P. Austin, C. Walsh, E.F. Ryder, A. Halliday, and S. Fields-Berry 265
Guidance of Developing Axons by Diffusible Chemoattractants M. Placzek, M. Tessier-Lavigne, T. Yamada, J. Dodd, and T.M. Jessell 279
Mechanisms Regulating Cell Number and Type in the Mammalian Central Nervous System R. McKay, N. Valtz, M. Cunningham, and T. Hayes 291
Place-dependent Cell Adhesion, Process Retraction, and Spatial Signaling in Neural Morphogenesis G.M. Edelman and B.A. Cunningham 303
Cadherin Subclasses: Differential Expression and Their Roles in Neural Morphogenesis M. Takeich4 H. Inuzuka, K. Shimamura, T. Fujimori, and A. Nagafuchi 319
Molecular Genetics of Neuronal Recognition in Drosophila: Evolution and Function of Immunoglobulin Superfamily Cell Adhesion Molecules G. Grenningloh, A.J. Bieber, E.J. Rehm, P.M. Snow, Z.R. Traquina, M. Hortsch, N.H. Patel, and C.S. Goodman 327
Neuronal Receptors That Regulate Axon Growth L.F. Reichardt, B. Bossy, S. Carbonetto, I. de Curtis, C. Emmett, D.E. Hall, M.J. Ignatius, F. Lefcort, E. Napolitano, T. Large, K.M. Neugebauer, and K.J. Tomaselli 341
Directional Cues for Retinal Axons B. Stahl, Y. von Boxberg, B. Mililer, J. Walter, U. Schwarz, and F. Bonhoeffer 351
Neuronal Growth Cone as an Integrator of Complex Environmental Information S.B. Kater and P.B. Guthrie 359
Neurotrophic Factors, Their Receptors, and the Signal Transduction Pathways They Activate G.D. Yancopoulos, P.C. Maisonpierre, N.Y. Ip, T.H. Aldrich, L. Belluscio, T.G. Boulton, M.H. Cobb, S.P. Squinto, and M.E. Furth 371
Compartmentalization of Acetylcholine Receptor Gene Expression during Develop- ment of the Neuromuscular Junction J.P. Changeux, C. Babinet, J.L. Bessereau, A. Bessis, A. Cartaud, J. Cartaud, P. Daubas, A. Devillers- Thiery, A. Duclert, J.A. Hill, B. Jasmin, A. Klarsfeld, R. Laufer, H.O. Nghiem, J. Piette, M. Roa, and A.M. Salmon 381
Mr 42,000 ARIA: A Protein That May Regulate the Accumulation of Acetylcholine Receptors at Developing Chick Neuromuscular Junctions D.L. Falls, D.A. Harris, F.A. Johnson, M.M. Morgan, G. Corfas, and G.D. Fischbach 397
The Agrin Hypothesis U.J. McMahan 407
S-Laminin J.R. Sanes, D.D. Hunter, T.L. Green, and J.P. Merlie 419
NMDA Receptor as a Mediator of Activity-dependent Synaptogenesis in the Develop- ing Brain M. Constantine-Paton 431
Construction of Modular Circuits in the Mammalian Brain D. Purves and A.-S. LaMantia 445
Target Selection by Cortical Axons: Alternative Mechanisms to Establish Axonal Connections in the Developing Brain D.D.M. O'Leary, A.R. Bicknese, J.A. De Carlos, C.D. Heffner, S.E. Koester, L.J. Kutka, and T. Terashima 453
Pioneer Neurons and Target Selection in Cerebral Cortical Development C.J. Shatz, A. Ghosh, S.K. McConnell, K.L. Allendoerfer, E. Friauf, and A. Antonini 469
Activity-dependent Regulation of Gene Expression in Adult Monkey Visual Cortex E.J. Jones, D.L. Benson, S.H.C. Hendry, and P.J. Isackson 481
Factors Involved in the Establishment of Specific Interconnections between Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex C. Blakemore and Z. Molnar 491
Expression of Neural Proteoglycans Correlates with the Acquisition of Mature Neuro- nal Properties in the Mammalian Brain S. Hockfield, R.G. Kalb, S. Zaremba, and H. Fryer 505
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Organization of Afferents to Single Orientation Columns in Visual Cortex M.P. Stryker, B. Chapman, K.D. Miller, and K.R. Zahs 515
Sensory and Motor Systems
Chemosensory Cell Function in the Behavior and Development of Caenorhabditis elegans C.I. Bargmann, J.H. Thomas, and H.R. Horvitz 529
Bacterial Microprocessing H.C. Berg 539
Ultrastructural Correlates of Mechanoelectrical Transduction in Hair Cells of the Bullfrog's Internal Ear R A. Jacobs and A.J. Hudspeth 547
Model of phototransduction in Retinal Rods V. Torre, S. Forti, A. Menini, and M. Campani 563
Similar Algorithms in Different Sensory Systems and Animals M. Konishi 575
Specialized Subsystems for Processing Biologically Important Complex Sounds: Cross- correlation Analysis for Ranging in the Bat's Brain N. Suga, J.F. Olsen, and J.A. Butman 585
Associative Memory Function in piriform (Olfactory) Cortex: Computational Modeling and Neuropharmacology M.E. Hasselmo, M.A. Wilson, B.P. Anderson, and J.M. Bower 599
Neural Image Transformation in the Somatosensory System of the Monkey: Com- parison of Neurophysiological Observations with Responses in a Neural Network Model I.N. Bankman, S.S. Hsiao, and K.O. Johnson 611 Protein-Chromophore Interactions in Rhodopsin Studied by Site-directed Mutagenesis J. Nathans 621
Cone Excitations and Color Vision T.W. Kraft, C.L. Makino, R.A. Mathies, J. Lugtenburg, J.L. Schnapf, and D.A. Baylor 635
Color Puzzles D. Hubel and M. Livingstone 643
Parallelism and Functional Specialization in Human Visual Cortex S. Zeki 651
Lateral Interactions in Visual Cortex C.D. Gilbert, J.A. Hirsch, and T.N. Wiesel 663
Modular and hierarchical Organization of Extrestriate Visual Cortex in the Macaque Monkey D.C. Van Essen, D.J. Felleman, E.A. DeYoe, J. Olavarria, and J. Knierim 679
Neuronal Mechanisms of Motion Perception W.T. Newsome, K.H. Britten, C.D. Salzman, and J.A. Movshon 697
Visual Cortical Signals Supporting Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements J. A. Movshon, S. G. Lisberger, and R. J. Krauzlis 707
Functional Specialization for Visual Motion Processing in Primate Cerebral Cortex R.H. Wurtz, D.S. Yamasaki, C.J. Duffy, and J.-P. Roy 717
Representation of Visuomotor Space in the Parietal Lobe of the Monkey M.E. Goldberg, C. L. Colby, and J.-R. Duhamel 729
Hierarchical Processing of Motion in the Visual Cortex of Monkey R.A. Andersen, R.J. Snowden, S. Treue, and M. Graziano 741
Cortical Neural Mechanisms of Stereopsis Studied with Dynamic Random-dot Stereo- grams G.F. Poggio 749
The Grain of Visual Space G. Westheimer 759
Neural Models of Binocular Depth Perception S.R. Lehky, A. Pouget, and T.J. Sejnowski 765
Cellular Network Underlying Locomotion as Revealed in a Lower Vertebrate Model: Transmitters, Membrane Properties, Circuitry, and Simulation S. Grillner, P. Wallen, and G. Viana di Prisco 779
Understanding Sensorimotor Feedback through Optimal Control G.E. Loeb, W.S. Levine, and J. He 791
Population Coding of the Direction, Amplitude, and Velocity of Saccadic Eye Move ments by Neurons in the Superior Colliculus D. L. Sparks, C. Lee, and W H. Rohrer 805
Properties of Pathways That Mediate Motor Learning in the Vestibulo-ocular Reflex of Monkeys S.G. Lisberger, D.M. Broussard, and H.M. Bronte-Stewart 813
Teaching Neural Networks to Process Temporal Signals for Oculomotor Con- trol D.B. Arnold and D.A. Robinson 823
Motor-Space Coding in the Central Nervous System F.A. Mussa-Ivaldi, S.F. Giszter, and E. Bizzi 827
Roles of Proprioceptive Input in the Programming of Arm Trajectories C. Ghez, J. Gordon, M.F. Ghilardi, C.N. Christakos, and S.E. Cooper 837
Neural Coding of the Direction of Reaching and a Comparison with Saccadic Eye Movements A.P. Georgopoulos 849
Cognitive Neuroscience
Cortical Neuronal Periodicities and Frequency Discrimintation in the Sense of Flutter V.B. Mountcastle, M.A. Steinmetz, and R. Romo 861
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cortical Networks Underlying Cortical Contributions to Learning and Nondeclarative Memory M.M. Merzrnich, G.H. Recanzone, W.M. Jenkins, and K.A. Grajski 873
Three-dimensional Object Recognition S. Ullman 889
A Theory of How the Brain Might Work T. Poggio 899
Toward a Neural Understanding of Visual Surface Representation K. Nakayama and S. Shimojo 911
Haptic Illusions: Experiments on Human Manipulation and Perception of "Virtual Objects" N. Hogan, B.A. Kay, E.D. Fasse, and F.A. Mussa-Ivaldi 925
Intrinsic Electrical Properties of Nerve Cells and Their Role in Network Oscillation R. Llinás 933
Formation of Cortical Cell Assemblies W Singer, C. Gray, A. Engel, P. Konig, A. Artola, and S. Bröcher 939
Some Reflections on Visual Awareness F. Crick and C. Koch 953
Attentional Control of Visual Perception: Cortical and Subcortical Mechanisms R. Desimone, M. Wessinger, L. Thomas, and W Schneider 963
Early Vision Is Bottom-up, Except for Focal Attention B. Julesz 973
Cytochrome Oxidase and Functional Coding in Primate Striate Cortex: A Hypothsis J. Allman and S. Zucker 979
Anatomical Explorations of Mind: Studies with Modern Imaging Techniques M.E. Raichle 983
Frontal Lobes and Memory for the Temporal Order of Recent Events B. Milner, M.P. McAndrews, and G. Leonard 987
Theoretical and Neurophysiological Analysis of the Functions of the Primate Hip- pocampus in Memory E.T. Rolls 995
Memory: Organization of Brain Systems and Cognition L.R. Squire, S. Zola-Morgan, C.B. Cave, F. Haist, G. Musen, and W.A. Suzuki 1007
Neocortical Memory Circuits P.S. Goldman-Rakic, S. Funahashi, and C.J. Bruce 1025
Neural Regionalization of Knowledge Access: Preliminary Evidence A.R. Damasio, H. Damasio, D. Tranel, and J.P. Brandt 1039
Summary M.P. Stryker 1049
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