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 LIII: Molecular Biology of Signal Transduction 1988 |
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From left: Dr. F. Dahlquist, Dr. J. Goldstein, Dr. D. Koshland  SYMPOSIUM SYNOPSIS LIST OF PARTICIPANTS CONTENTS OF SYMPOSIUM VOLUME PHOTOGRAPHS PUBLISHED VOLUME  |
Molecular Biology of Signal Transduction
Symposium Volume LIII Contents
Symposium Participants v
Foreword xix
Bacterial Chemotaxis
A Physicist Looks at Bacterial Chemotaxis H. C. Berg 1
Roles of Methylation and Phosphorylation in the Bacterial Sensing System D. E. Koshland, Jr., D. A. Sanders, and R. M. Weis 11
Osmotaxis in Escherichia coli J. Adler, C. Li, A. I. Boileau, Y. Qi, and C. Kung 19
Galvanotaxis in Bacteria J. Adler and W Shi 23
Interaction of CheB with Chemotaxis Signal Transduction Components in Escherichia coli: Modulation of the Methylesterase Activity and Effects on Cell Swimming Behavior R. C. Stewart, C. B. Russell, A. F. Roth, and F. W Dahlquist 27
Protein Phosphorylation and Bacterial Chemotaxis J. F. Hess, R. B. Bourret, K. Oosawa, P. Matsumura, and M. I. Simon 41
Phosphoproteins Involved in Bacterial Signal Transduction A. M. Stock, D. C. Wylie, J. M. Mottonen, A. N. Lupas, E. G. Ninfa, A. F. Ninfa, C. E. Schutt, and I. B. Stock 49
Structure-Function Studies of Bacterial Chemosensors P. Ames, I. Chen, C. Wolff and I. S. Parkinson 59
The End of the Line in Bacterial Sensing: The Flagellar Motor R. M. Macnab 67
Protein Phosphorylation
Casein Kinase II as a Potentially Important Enzyme Concerned with Signal Transduc- tion E.G. Krebs, R. N. Eisenman, E. A. Kuenzel, D. W Litchfield, F. I. Lozeman, B. Luscher, and I. Sommercorn 77
Microinjection of the Catalytic Subunit of cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Induces Expression of the c-fos Gene K. T. Riabowol, M. Z. Gilman, and I. R. Feramisco 85
Regulating Cell Growth: Casein-kinase-Il-dependent Phosphorylation of Nuclear On- coproteins D. Carroll, N. Santoro, and D. R. Marshak 91
The Family of Protein Kinase C: Its Molecular Heterogeneity and Differential Expres- sion U. Kikkawa, K. Ogita, M. S. Shearman, K. Ase, K. Sekiguchi, Z. Naor, A. Kishimoto, Y. Nishizuka, N. Saito, C. Tanaka, Y. Ono, T. Fujii, and K. Igarashi 97
Protein Kinase C Regulation by Sphingosine/Lysosphingolipids R. M. Bell, C. R. Loomis, and Y. A. Hannun 103
Expression of Wild-type and Mutant Subunits of the cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase G. S. McKnight, G. G. Cadd, C. H. Clegg, A. D. Otten, and L. A. Correll 111
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase: A Framework for a Diverse Family of Enzymes S.S. Taylor, I. A. Buechler, L. W. Slice, D. K. Knighton, S. Durgerian, G.E. Ringheim, I .I. Neitzel, W. M. Yonemoto, I. M. Sowadski, and W. Dospmann 121
Targets for Signal-transducing Protein Kinase T. Hunter, P. Angel, W. I. Boyle, R. Chiu, E. Freed, K. L. Gould, C. M. Isacke, M. Karin, R. A. Lindberg, and P. van der Geer 131
Molecular Analyses of Gene Products Associated with the Response of Cells to Mitogenic Stimulation R. L. Erikson, D. Alcorta, P. -A. Bedard, I. Blenis, H. -P. Biemann, E. Erikson, S. W. Jones, I. L. MaIler, T. J. Martins, and D. L. Simmons . 143
Interactions between the Middle T Antigen of Polyomavirus and Host Cell Proteins S. A. Courtneidge, R. M. Kypta, and E. T. Ulug 153
Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Signal Transduction T. M. Roberts, D. Kaplan, W. Mor- gan, T. Keller, H. Mamon, H. Piwnica Worms, B. Druker, B. Cohen, B. Schaff hausen, M. Whitman, L. Cantley, U. Rapp, and D. Morrison 161
raf Family Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases in Mitogen Signal Transduction U. R. Rapp, G. Heidecker, M. Huleihel, J. L. Cleveland, W. C. Choi, T. Pawson, J. N. Ihle, and W. B. Anderson 173
Calmodulin and Calmodulin-regulated Protein Kinases as Transducers of Intracellular Calcium Signals T. J. Lukas, J. Haiech, W. Lau, T. A. Craig, W. E. Zimmer, R. L. Shattuck, M. O. Shoemaker, and D. M. Watterson 185
Regulation of the Vertebrate Cell Cycle by the cdc2 Protein Kinase G. Draetta, L. Brizuela, B. Moran, and D. Beach 195
Mechanism of Action of G Proteins
Role of G Proteins in Transmembrane Signaling P. J. Casey, M. P. Graziano, M. Freissmuth, and A. G. Gilman 203
Structure of the Genes Coding for G-protein a Subunits from Mammalian and Yeast Cells Y. Kaziro, H. Itoh, T. Kozasa, R. Toyama, T. Tsukamoto, M. Matsuoka, M. Nakafuku, T. Obara, T. Takagi, and R. Hernandez 209
Mutations Probe Structure and Function of G-protein a Chains H. R. Bourne, S. B. Masters, R. T. Miller, K. A. Sullivan, and W. Heideman 221
Receptor-effector Coupling by G Proteins: Purification of Human Erythrocyte Gi-2 and Gi-3 and Analysis of Effector Regulation Using Recombinant a Subunits Synthe- sized in Escherichia coli L. Birnbaumer, J. Codina, R. Mattera, A. Yatani, R. Graf, J. Olate, J. Sanford, and A. M. Brown 229
Functions of G-protein Subunits E. J. Neer, S. -Y. Kim, S. -L. Ang, D. B. Bloch, K. D. Bloch, Y. Kawahara, C. Tolman, R. Lee, D. Logothetis, D. Kim, J. G. Seidman, and D. E. Clapham 241
Receptor- and G-Protein-mediated Modulations of Voltage-dependent Calcium Chan- nels W. Rosenthal, J. Hescheler, W. Trautwein, and G. Schultz 247
Unique Properties of a New GTP-binding Protein with a Molecular Mass of 24,000 Daltons Purified from Porcine Brain Membranes T. Katada and M. Ui 255
Functional Role of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtype Diversity A. Ashken- azi, E. G. Peralta, J. W. Winslow, J. Ramachandran, and D. J. Capon . 263
ras Oncogene Proteins: Three-dimensional Structures, Functional Implications, and a Model for Signal Transducer S.-H. Kim, A. M. tIe Vos, L. Tong, M. V. Milburn, P. M. Matias, J. Jancarik, E. Ohtsuka, and S. Nishimura 273
Mechanisms of Neurosensory Transduction
Molecular Basis of Visual Excitation L. Stryer 283
Molecular Basis of the Functional Heterogeneity of the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor S. Numa, K. Fukuda, T. Kubo, A. Maeda, I. Akiba, H. Bujo, J. Nakai, M. Mishina, and H. Higashida 295
Life, Evolution, and the Pursuit of Single Photon Sensitivity M. W. Bitensky, M. M. Whalen, and D. C. Torney 303
Visual Signal Transduction: The Cycle of Transducin Shuttling between Rhodopsin and cOMP Phosphodiesterase M. Chabre, J. Bigay, F. Bruckert, F. Bornancin, P. Deterre, C. Pfister, and T. M. Vuong 313
Molecular Mechanics of the Cyclic-GMP-activated Channel of Retinal Rods J. W. Karpen, A. L. Zimmerman, L. Stryer, and D. A. Baylor 325
Inositol Lipid Cascade of Vision Studied in Mutant Flies Z. Selinger and B. Minke ø. 333
Molecular Transduction in Smell and Taste D. Lancet, D. Lazard, J. Heldman, M. Khen, and P. Nef 343
Expression of G-protein a Subunits in Rat Olfactory Neurcepithelium: Candidates for Olfactory Signal Transduction D. T. Jones, E. Barbosa, and R. R. Reed 349
Studies on Light Transduction by Bactenorhodopsin and Rhodopsin M. Braiman, J. Bubis, T. Doi, H. -B. Chen, S. L. Flitsch, R. R. Franke, M. A. Gilles-Gonzalez, R. M. Graham, S.S. Karnik, H. G. Khorana, B. E. Knox, M. P. Krebs, T. Marti, T. Mogi T. Nakayama, D. D. Oprian, K. L. Puckett, T. P. Sakmar, L. J. Stern, S. Subramaniam, and D. A. Thompson 355
Direct Coupling of 0 Proteins to Ionic Channels A. M. Brown, A. Yatani, Y. Imoto, G. Kirsch, H. Hamm, J. Codina, R. Mattera, and L. Birnbaumer 365
Role of G-protein-coupled Phosphatidylinositol System in Signal Transduction in Ver- tebrate Neurons: Experiments on Neuroblastoma Hybrid Cells and Ganglion Cells D. A. Brown, H. Higashida, P. R. Adams, N. V. Marrion, and T. G. Smart 375
Functional Expression of the 5-HT1C Receptor in Neuronal and Nonneuronal Cells D. Julius, A. B. MacDermott, T. M. Jessell, K. Huang, S. Molineaux, I. Schieren, and R. Axel 385
Molecular Convergence of Presynaptic Inhibition and Presynaptic Facilitation on Com- mon Substrate Proteins of Individual Sensory Neurons of Aplysia D. Sweatt, A. Volterra, S. A. Siegelbaum, and E. R. Kandel 395
Electrical and Biochemical Properties of the cOMP-gated Cation Channel from Rod Photoreceptors U. B. Kaupp, W. Hanke, R. Simmoteit, and H. Lühring 407
Sevenless, a Gene Encoding a Putative Receptor for Positional Information G. M. Rubin 417
The Role of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Signal Transduction in an Identified Neural Network Mediating Presynaptic Inhibition in Aplysia E. Shapiro, D. Piomelli, S. Feinmark, S. Vogel, G. Chin, and J. H. Schwartz 425
Molecular Mechanisms of Phospholipid Signaling Pathways in Mammalian Nerve Cells M. R. Hanley, T. R. Jackson, W. T. Cheung, M. Dreher, A. Gatti, P. Haw- kins, S. I. Patterson, M. Vallejo, A. P. Dawson, and O. Thastrup 435
Growth Factor and Hormone Receptors
Purification and Characterization of Placental Membrane Phosphotyrosine Phos phatases C. J. Pallen, L. Sahlin, G. Panayotou, and M. D. Waterfield 447
Signal Transduction by the Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor L. T. Williams, J. A. Escobedo, M. T. Keating, and S. R. Coughlin 455
Role of Intrinsic Protein Tyrosine Kinase in Function and Metabolism of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor G. N. Gill, W. S. Chen, C. S. Lazar, J. R. Glenney, Jr., H. S. Wiley, H. A. Ingraham, and M. G. Rosenfeld 467
Molecular Analysis of the Nerve Growth Factor Receptor B. Hempstead, N. Patil, K. Olson, and M. Chao 477
Structure-Function Analysis of the b-Adrenergic Receptor R. A. F. Dixon, L. S. Sigal, and C. D. Strader 487
Functional Domains in the b-Adrenergic Receptor E. M. Ross, S. K. -F. Wong, R. C. Rubenstein, and T. Higashijima 499
Molecular Biology of Adrenergic Receptors R.. J. Lefkowitz, B. K. Kobilka, J. L. Benovic, M. Bouvier, S. Cotecchia, W Hausdorff, H. G. Dohlman, J. W. Regan, and M. G. Caron 507
Signal Transduction by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor J. Schlessinger, A. UI- Irich, A. M. Honegger, and W. H. Moolenaar 515
Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor, CSF-1, and Its Proto-oncogene-encoded Re- ceptor C. J. Sherr, C. W. Rettenmier, and M. F. Roussel 521
Platelet-derived Growth Factor Generates at Least Two Distinct Intracellular Signals That Modulate Gene Expression S. D. Jones, D. J. Hall, B. J. Rollins, and C. D. Stiles 531
Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptors and Responses R. A. Roth, G. Steele-Perkins, J. Han, C. Stover, S. Pierce, J. Turner, J. C. Edman, and W. J. Rutter 537
Response and Binding Elements for Ligand-dependent Positive Transcription Factors Integrate Positive and Negative Regulation of Gene Expression M. G. Rosenfeld, C. K. Glass, S. Adler, E. B. Crenshaw III, X. He, S. A. Lira, H.P. Elsholtz, H. J. Mangalam, J. M. Holloway, C. Nelson, V. R.. Albert, and H. A. Ingraham 545
PART 2
Signal Transduction in Unicellular Eukaryotes
From Membrane to Nucleus: The Pathway of Signal Transduction in Yeast and Its Genetic Control L. Marsh and I. Herskowitz 557
The Role of G Proteins in Yeast Signal Transduction K. Matsumoto, M. Nakafuku, N. Nakayama, L Miyajima, K. Kaibuchi, A. Miyajima, C. Brenner, K. Arai, and Y. Kaziro 567
Analysis of the Role of SCG1, a Ga Homolog, and SST2 in Pheromone Response and Desensitization in Yeast J. Kurjan and C. Dietzel 577
Function of the STE4 and 5TE18 Genes in Mating Pheromone Signal Transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae M. Whiteway, L. Hougan, D. Dignard, L. Bell, G. Saari, F. Grant, P. O'Hara, V. L. MacKay, and D. Y. Thomas 585
Functional Domains of a Peptide Hormone Receptor: The a-Factor Receptor (STE2 Gene Product) of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae K. J. Blumer, J. E. Reneke, W. E. Courchesne, and J. Thorner 591
Recovery from Pheromone-induced Arrest of the Yeast Cell Cycle: a-Factor Binding and Mutants That Show Pheromone-independent Arrest of Cell Division D. Blinder, P. Spatrick, S. Bouvier, C. Sullivan, and D. Jenness 605
Response of Yeast a Cells to a-Factor Pheromone: Topology of the Receptor and Identification of a Component of the Response Pathway K. L. Clark, N. G. Davis, D. K. Wiest, J. -J. Hwang-Shum, and G. F. Sprague, Jr 611
Isolation and Characterization of Two Genes Encoding Yeast Mating Pheromone Signaling Elements: CDC72 and CDC73 S. I. Reed, J. Ferguson, and K.-Y. Jahng 621
Diverse Biological Functions of Small GTP-binding Proteins in Yeast D. Botstein, N. Segev, T. Stearns, M. A. Hoyt, J. Holden, and R. A. Kahn 629
Regulation of Vesicular Traffic by a GTP-binding Protein on the Cytoplasmic Surface of Secretory Vesicles in Yeast P. J. Novick, B. Goud, A. Salminen, N. C. Walworth, J. Nair, and M. Potenza 637
Studies of RAS Function in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae M. Wigler, J. Field, S. Powers, D. Broek, T. Toda, S. Cameron, J. Nikawa, T. Michaeli, J. Colicelli, and K. Ferguson 649
cAMP Receptor and G-protein Interactions Control Development in Dictyo- stelium M. Pupillo, P. Klein, R. Vaughan, G. Pitt, P. Lilly, T. Sun, P. Devreotes, A. Kumagai, and R. Firtel 657
Ion Channels in Paramecium, Yeast, and Escherichia coli Y. Saimi, B. Martinac, M. C. Gustin, M. R. Culbertson, J. Adler, and C. Kung 667
A Molecular Analysis of 0 Proteins and Control of Early Gene Expression by the Cell- surface cAMP Receptor in Dictyostelium A. Kumagai, S. K. O. Mann, M. Pupillo, G. Pitt, P N. Devreotes, and R. A. Firtel 675
Signal Transduction in the Nucleus
jun: Oncogene and Transcriptional Regulator A. R. Ball, Jr., T. J. Bos, C. Löliger, L. P Nagata, T. Nishimura, H. Su, H. Tsuchie, and P. K. Vogt 687
Transcriptional Regulation by the AP-1 Family of Enhancer-binding Proteins: A Nu- clear Target for Signal Transduction D. Bohmann, A. Admon, D. R. Turner, and R. Tjian 695
Transcriptional Activation by Yeast GCN4, a Functional Homolog to the jun Onco- protein K. Struhl, C. J. Brandl, W Chen, P. A. B. Harbury, I. A. Hope, and S. Mehadevan 701
YAPi Encodes a Yeast Homolog of Mammalian Transcription Factor AP-1 W. S. Moye-Rowley, K. D. Harshman, and C. S. Parker 711
Analysis of Serum Response Element Function In Vitro C. Norman and R. Treisman 719
Gene Regulation by Growth Factors R. Metz, J. Gorham, Z. Siegfried, D. Leonard, E. Gizang-Ginsberg, M. A. Thompson, D. Lawe, T. Kouzarides, R. Vosatka, D. MacGregor, S. Jamal, M. E. Greenberg, and E. B. Ziff 727
Transcriptional Regulation of c-fos R. Prywes, T. M. Fisch, and R. G. Roeder 739
Regulation of Proto-oncogene fos: A Paradigm for Early Response Genes P. Sassone- Corsi, W W Lamph, and I. M. Verma 749
Intracellular Mediators of c-fos Induction M. Z. Gilman, L. A. Berkowitz, J. R. Feramisco, B. R. Franza, Jr., R. M. Graham, K. T. Riabowol, and W. A. Ryan, Jr. 761
Beyond the Second Messenger: Oncogenes and Transcription Factors T. Curran, F. J. Rauscher III, D. R. Cohen, and B. R. Franza, Jr. 769
Nuclear Oncoproteins Determine the Genetic Program in Response to External Stimuli A. Schönthal, S. Gebel, B. Stein, H. Ponta, H. J. Rahmsdorf, and P. Herrlich 779
Phorbol-ester-induced Activation of the NF-KB Transcription Factor Involves Dissocia- tion of an Apparently Cytoplasmic NF-KB/Inhibitor Complex P. A. Baeuerle, M. Lenardo, J. W. Pierce, and D. Baltimore 789
Transcriptional Regulation of Interferon-stimulated Genes: A DNA Response Element and Induced Proteins That Recognize It D. Levy, N. Reich, D. Kessler, R. Pine, and J. E. Darnell, Jr. 799
Steroid Hormone Receptors
Ligand-regulated Nonspecific Inactivation of Receptor Function: A Versatile Mecha nism for Signal Transduction K. R. Yamamoto, P. J. Godowski, and D. Picard 803
Cooperative and Positional Independent trans-Activation Domains of the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor R. M. Evans and S. M. Hollenberg 813
Expression and Function of the Human Estrogen Receptor in Yeast J. H. White, D. Metzger, and P. Chambon 819
Cooperative Interactions of Steroid Hormone Receptors with Their Cognate Response Elements M. -J. Tsai, S. Y. Tsai, L. Klein-Hitpass, M. Bagchi, J. F. Elliston, J. Carlstedt-Duke, J. K. Gustafsson, and B. W. O'Malley 829
Cooperative Action of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Transcription Factors U. Strähle, A. Münsterberg, R. Mestril, G. Klock, W. Ankenbauer, W. Schmid, and G. Schiitz 835
Growth Control in Mammalian Cells
Anti-oncogenes and the Negative Regulation of Cell Growth J. M. Horowitz, S. H. Friend, R. A. Weinberg, P. Whyte, K. Buchkovich, and E. Harlow 843
Interaction of ras p21 Proteins with GTPase Activating Protein F. McCormick, H. Adari, M. Trahey, R. Halenbeck, K. Koths, G. A. Martin, W. Crosier, K. Watt, B. Rubinfeld and G. Wong 849
Analysis of Mammalian ras Effector Function A. Hall, C. Calés, J. F. Hancock, A. Lloyd, A. Self, S. Gardener, M. D. Houslay, M. J. O. Wakelam, and C. J. Marshall 855
Structure/Function Studies of the ras Protein I. S. Sigal, M. S. Marshall, M. D. Schaber, U. S. Vogel, E. M. Scolnick, and J. B. Gibbs 863
Critical Role of Cellular ras Proteins in Proliferative Signal Transduction D. W Stacey, M.-H. Tsai, C.-L. Yu, and J. K. Smith 871
Influence of p2lras on Phosphatidylinositol Turnover J. Downward and R. A. Weinberg 8 883
Genomic Response to Growth Factors D. Nathans, L. F. Lau, B. Christy, S. Hartzell, Y. Nakabeppu, and K. Ryder 893
Identification of Growth-factor-inducible Genes in Mouse Fibroblasts R. Bravo, M. Zerial, L. Toschi, M. Schurmann, R. Muller, S. I. Hirai, M. Yaniv, J. M. Almendral, and R.-P. Ryseck 901
Characterization of p47gag-crk, a Novel Oncogene Product with Sequence Similarity to a Putative Modulatory Domain of Protein-Tyrosine Kinases and Phospholipase C. B. J. Mayer, M. Hamaguchi, and H. Hanafusa 907
Phospholipase C-148: Chromosomal Location and Deletion Mapping of Functional Domains A. Bristol, S. M. Hall, R. W. Kriz, M. L. Stahl, Y. S. Fan, M. G. Byers, R. L. Eddy, T. B. Shows, and J. L. Knopf 915
Primary Structure of PLC-154 M. Katan, R. W. Kriz, N. Tony, R. Phi Ip, E. Meldrum, R. A. Aldape, J. Knopf, and P. J. Parker 921
Second Messenger Systems
Inositol Trisphosphate and Calcium Signaling M. J. Berridge and C. W. Taylor 927
Agonist-induced Calcium Oscillations in Depolarized Fibroblasts and Their Manipula- tion by Photoreleased Ins(1,4,5)P3, Ca++, and Ca++ Buffer A. T. Harootunian, J. P. Y. Kao, and R. Y. Tsien 935
Signal Transduction in Mitogenesis: Further Evidence for Multiple Pathways E. Rozengurt, J. Erusalimsky, H. Mehmet, C. Morris, E. Ndnberg, and J. Sinnett- Smith 945
Role of Glycosyl Phosphoinositides in Insulin Action A. R. Saltiel, D. G. Osterman, and J. C. Darnell 955
Insulin Mediators: Structure and Formation J. Lamer, L. C. Huang, G. Tang, S. Suzuki, C. F. W. Schwartz, G. Romero, Z. Roulidis, K. Zeller, T. Y. Shen, A. S. Oswald, and L. Luttrell 965
Gram-negative Endotoxin: A Biologically Active Lipid C. R. H. Raetz, K. A. Brozek, T. Clementz, J. D. Coleman, S. M. Galloway, D. T. Golenbock, and R. Y. Hampton 973
GTP-binding Proteins in the Control of Exocytosis B. D. Gomperts and P. E. R. Tatham 983
The Membrane Form of Guanylate Cyclase D. L. Garbers, D. G. Lowe, L. J. Dangott, M. Chinkers, D. S. Thorpe, J. K. Bentley, C. S. Ramarao, D. V. Goeddel, and S. Singh 993
Effects of Nitrovasodilators, Endothelium-dependent Vasodilators, and Atrial Peptides on cGMP F. Murad, D. Leitman, S. Waldman, C.-H. Chang, M. Hirata, and K. Kohse 1005
Molecular Cloning of the Growth-factor-activatable Human Na+/H+ Antiporter C. Sardet, A. Franchi, and J. Pouysségur 1101
Summary
Summary: Signals Past, Present, and Future H.R. Bourne 1019
Foreword xix
Bacterial Chemotaxis
A Physicist Looks at Bacterial Chemotaxis H. C. Berg 1
Roles of Methylation and Phosphorylation in the Bacterial Sensing System D. E. Koshland, Jr., D. A. Sanders, and R. M. Weis 11
Osmotaxis in Escherichia coli J. Adler, C. Li, A. I. Boileau, Y. Qi, and C. Kung 19
Galvanotaxis in Bacteria J. Adler and W Shi 23
Interaction of CheB with Chemotaxis Signal Transduction Components in Escherichia coli: Modulation of the Methylesterase Activity and Effects on Cell Swimming Behavior R. C. Stewart, C. B. Russell, A. F. Roth, and F. W Dahlquist 27
Protein Phosphorylation and Bacterial Chemotaxis J. F. Hess, R. B. Bourret, K. Oosawa, P. Matsumura, and M. I. Simon 41
Phosphoproteins Involved in Bacterial Signal Transduction A. M. Stock, D. C. Wylie, J. M. Mottonen, A. N. Lupas, E. G. Ninfa, A. F. Ninfa, C. E. Schutt, and I. B. Stock 49
Structure-Function Studies of Bacterial Chemosensors P. Ames, I. Chen, C. Wolff and I. S. Parkinson 59
The End of the Line in Bacterial Sensing: The Flagellar Motor R. M. Macnab 67
Protein Phosphorylation
Casein Kinase II as a Potentially Important Enzyme Concerned with Signal Transduc- tion E.G. Krebs, R. N. Eisenman, E. A. Kuenzel, D. W Litchfield, F. I. Lozeman, B. Luscher, and I. Sommercorn 77
Microinjection of the Catalytic Subunit of cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Induces Expression of the c-fos Gene K. T. Riabowol, M. Z. Gilman, and I. R. Feramisco 85
Regulating Cell Growth: Casein-kinase-Il-dependent Phosphorylation of Nuclear On- coproteins D. Carroll, N. Santoro, and D. R. Marshak 91
The Family of Protein Kinase C: Its Molecular Heterogeneity and Differential Expres- sion U. Kikkawa, K. Ogita, M. S. Shearman, K. Ase, K. Sekiguchi, Z. Naor, A. Kishimoto, Y. Nishizuka, N. Saito, C. Tanaka, Y. Ono, T. Fujii, and K. Igarashi 97
Protein Kinase C Regulation by Sphingosine/Lysosphingolipids R. M. Bell, C. R. Loomis, and Y. A. Hannun 103
Expression of Wild-type and Mutant Subunits of the cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase G. S. McKnight, G. G. Cadd, C. H. Clegg, A. D. Otten, and L. A. Correll 111
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase: A Framework for a Diverse Family of Enzymes S.S. Taylor, I. A. Buechler, L. W. Slice, D. K. Knighton, S. Durgerian, G.E. Ringheim, I .I. Neitzel, W. M. Yonemoto, I. M. Sowadski, and W. Dospmann 121
Targets for Signal-transducing Protein Kinase T. Hunter, P. Angel, W. I. Boyle, R. Chiu, E. Freed, K. L. Gould, C. M. Isacke, M. Karin, R. A. Lindberg, and P. van der Geer 131
Molecular Analyses of Gene Products Associated with the Response of Cells to Mitogenic Stimulation R. L. Erikson, D. Alcorta, P. -A. Bedard, I. Blenis, H. -P. Biemann, E. Erikson, S. W. Jones, I. L. MaIler, T. J. Martins, and D. L. Simmons . 143
Interactions between the Middle T Antigen of Polyomavirus and Host Cell Proteins S. A. Courtneidge, R. M. Kypta, and E. T. Ulug 153
Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Signal Transduction T. M. Roberts, D. Kaplan, W. Mor- gan, T. Keller, H. Mamon, H. Piwnica Worms, B. Druker, B. Cohen, B. Schaff hausen, M. Whitman, L. Cantley, U. Rapp, and D. Morrison 161
raf Family Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases in Mitogen Signal Transduction U. R. Rapp, G. Heidecker, M. Huleihel, J. L. Cleveland, W. C. Choi, T. Pawson, J. N. Ihle, and W. B. Anderson 173
Calmodulin and Calmodulin-regulated Protein Kinases as Transducers of Intracellular Calcium Signals T. J. Lukas, J. Haiech, W. Lau, T. A. Craig, W. E. Zimmer, R. L. Shattuck, M. O. Shoemaker, and D. M. Watterson 185
Regulation of the Vertebrate Cell Cycle by the cdc2 Protein Kinase G. Draetta, L. Brizuela, B. Moran, and D. Beach 195
Mechanism of Action of G Proteins
Role of G Proteins in Transmembrane Signaling P. J. Casey, M. P. Graziano, M. Freissmuth, and A. G. Gilman 203
Structure of the Genes Coding for G-protein a Subunits from Mammalian and Yeast Cells Y. Kaziro, H. Itoh, T. Kozasa, R. Toyama, T. Tsukamoto, M. Matsuoka, M. Nakafuku, T. Obara, T. Takagi, and R. Hernandez 209
Mutations Probe Structure and Function of G-protein a Chains H. R. Bourne, S. B. Masters, R. T. Miller, K. A. Sullivan, and W. Heideman 221
Receptor-effector Coupling by G Proteins: Purification of Human Erythrocyte Gi-2 and Gi-3 and Analysis of Effector Regulation Using Recombinant a Subunits Synthe- sized in Escherichia coli L. Birnbaumer, J. Codina, R. Mattera, A. Yatani, R. Graf, J. Olate, J. Sanford, and A. M. Brown 229
Functions of G-protein Subunits E. J. Neer, S. -Y. Kim, S. -L. Ang, D. B. Bloch, K. D. Bloch, Y. Kawahara, C. Tolman, R. Lee, D. Logothetis, D. Kim, J. G. Seidman, and D. E. Clapham 241
Receptor- and G-Protein-mediated Modulations of Voltage-dependent Calcium Chan- nels W. Rosenthal, J. Hescheler, W. Trautwein, and G. Schultz 247
Unique Properties of a New GTP-binding Protein with a Molecular Mass of 24,000 Daltons Purified from Porcine Brain Membranes T. Katada and M. Ui 255
Functional Role of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtype Diversity A. Ashken- azi, E. G. Peralta, J. W. Winslow, J. Ramachandran, and D. J. Capon . 263
ras Oncogene Proteins: Three-dimensional Structures, Functional Implications, and a Model for Signal Transducer S.-H. Kim, A. M. tIe Vos, L. Tong, M. V. Milburn, P. M. Matias, J. Jancarik, E. Ohtsuka, and S. Nishimura 273
Mechanisms of Neurosensory Transduction
Molecular Basis of Visual Excitation L. Stryer 283
Molecular Basis of the Functional Heterogeneity of the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor S. Numa, K. Fukuda, T. Kubo, A. Maeda, I. Akiba, H. Bujo, J. Nakai, M. Mishina, and H. Higashida 295
Life, Evolution, and the Pursuit of Single Photon Sensitivity M. W. Bitensky, M. M. Whalen, and D. C. Torney 303
Visual Signal Transduction: The Cycle of Transducin Shuttling between Rhodopsin and cOMP Phosphodiesterase M. Chabre, J. Bigay, F. Bruckert, F. Bornancin, P. Deterre, C. Pfister, and T. M. Vuong 313
Molecular Mechanics of the Cyclic-GMP-activated Channel of Retinal Rods J. W. Karpen, A. L. Zimmerman, L. Stryer, and D. A. Baylor 325
Inositol Lipid Cascade of Vision Studied in Mutant Flies Z. Selinger and B. Minke ø. 333
Molecular Transduction in Smell and Taste D. Lancet, D. Lazard, J. Heldman, M. Khen, and P. Nef 343
Expression of G-protein a Subunits in Rat Olfactory Neurcepithelium: Candidates for Olfactory Signal Transduction D. T. Jones, E. Barbosa, and R. R. Reed 349
Studies on Light Transduction by Bactenorhodopsin and Rhodopsin M. Braiman, J. Bubis, T. Doi, H. -B. Chen, S. L. Flitsch, R. R. Franke, M. A. Gilles-Gonzalez, R. M. Graham, S.S. Karnik, H. G. Khorana, B. E. Knox, M. P. Krebs, T. Marti, T. Mogi T. Nakayama, D. D. Oprian, K. L. Puckett, T. P. Sakmar, L. J. Stern, S. Subramaniam, and D. A. Thompson 355
Direct Coupling of 0 Proteins to Ionic Channels A. M. Brown, A. Yatani, Y. Imoto, G. Kirsch, H. Hamm, J. Codina, R. Mattera, and L. Birnbaumer 365
Role of G-protein-coupled Phosphatidylinositol System in Signal Transduction in Ver- tebrate Neurons: Experiments on Neuroblastoma Hybrid Cells and Ganglion Cells D. A. Brown, H. Higashida, P. R. Adams, N. V. Marrion, and T. G. Smart 375
Functional Expression of the 5-HT1C Receptor in Neuronal and Nonneuronal Cells D. Julius, A. B. MacDermott, T. M. Jessell, K. Huang, S. Molineaux, I. Schieren, and R. Axel 385
Molecular Convergence of Presynaptic Inhibition and Presynaptic Facilitation on Com- mon Substrate Proteins of Individual Sensory Neurons of Aplysia D. Sweatt, A. Volterra, S. A. Siegelbaum, and E. R. Kandel 395
Electrical and Biochemical Properties of the cOMP-gated Cation Channel from Rod Photoreceptors U. B. Kaupp, W. Hanke, R. Simmoteit, and H. Lühring 407
Sevenless, a Gene Encoding a Putative Receptor for Positional Information G. M. Rubin 417
The Role of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Signal Transduction in an Identified Neural Network Mediating Presynaptic Inhibition in Aplysia E. Shapiro, D. Piomelli, S. Feinmark, S. Vogel, G. Chin, and J. H. Schwartz 425
Molecular Mechanisms of Phospholipid Signaling Pathways in Mammalian Nerve Cells M. R. Hanley, T. R. Jackson, W. T. Cheung, M. Dreher, A. Gatti, P. Haw- kins, S. I. Patterson, M. Vallejo, A. P. Dawson, and O. Thastrup 435
Growth Factor and Hormone Receptors
Purification and Characterization of Placental Membrane Phosphotyrosine Phos phatases C. J. Pallen, L. Sahlin, G. Panayotou, and M. D. Waterfield 447
Signal Transduction by the Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor L. T. Williams, J. A. Escobedo, M. T. Keating, and S. R. Coughlin 455
Role of Intrinsic Protein Tyrosine Kinase in Function and Metabolism of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor G. N. Gill, W. S. Chen, C. S. Lazar, J. R. Glenney, Jr., H. S. Wiley, H. A. Ingraham, and M. G. Rosenfeld 467
Molecular Analysis of the Nerve Growth Factor Receptor B. Hempstead, N. Patil, K. Olson, and M. Chao 477
Structure-Function Analysis of the b-Adrenergic Receptor R. A. F. Dixon, L. S. Sigal, and C. D. Strader 487
Functional Domains in the b-Adrenergic Receptor E. M. Ross, S. K. -F. Wong, R. C. Rubenstein, and T. Higashijima 499
Molecular Biology of Adrenergic Receptors R.. J. Lefkowitz, B. K. Kobilka, J. L. Benovic, M. Bouvier, S. Cotecchia, W Hausdorff, H. G. Dohlman, J. W. Regan, and M. G. Caron 507
Signal Transduction by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor J. Schlessinger, A. UI- Irich, A. M. Honegger, and W. H. Moolenaar 515
Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor, CSF-1, and Its Proto-oncogene-encoded Re- ceptor C. J. Sherr, C. W. Rettenmier, and M. F. Roussel 521
Platelet-derived Growth Factor Generates at Least Two Distinct Intracellular Signals That Modulate Gene Expression S. D. Jones, D. J. Hall, B. J. Rollins, and C. D. Stiles 531
Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptors and Responses R. A. Roth, G. Steele-Perkins, J. Han, C. Stover, S. Pierce, J. Turner, J. C. Edman, and W. J. Rutter 537
Response and Binding Elements for Ligand-dependent Positive Transcription Factors Integrate Positive and Negative Regulation of Gene Expression M. G. Rosenfeld, C. K. Glass, S. Adler, E. B. Crenshaw III, X. He, S. A. Lira, H.P. Elsholtz, H. J. Mangalam, J. M. Holloway, C. Nelson, V. R.. Albert, and H. A. Ingraham 545
PART 2
Signal Transduction in Unicellular Eukaryotes
From Membrane to Nucleus: The Pathway of Signal Transduction in Yeast and Its Genetic Control L. Marsh and I. Herskowitz 557
The Role of G Proteins in Yeast Signal Transduction K. Matsumoto, M. Nakafuku, N. Nakayama, L Miyajima, K. Kaibuchi, A. Miyajima, C. Brenner, K. Arai, and Y. Kaziro 567
Analysis of the Role of SCG1, a Ga Homolog, and SST2 in Pheromone Response and Desensitization in Yeast J. Kurjan and C. Dietzel 577
Function of the STE4 and 5TE18 Genes in Mating Pheromone Signal Transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae M. Whiteway, L. Hougan, D. Dignard, L. Bell, G. Saari, F. Grant, P. O'Hara, V. L. MacKay, and D. Y. Thomas 585
Functional Domains of a Peptide Hormone Receptor: The a-Factor Receptor (STE2 Gene Product) of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae K. J. Blumer, J. E. Reneke, W. E. Courchesne, and J. Thorner 591
Recovery from Pheromone-induced Arrest of the Yeast Cell Cycle: a-Factor Binding and Mutants That Show Pheromone-independent Arrest of Cell Division D. Blinder, P. Spatrick, S. Bouvier, C. Sullivan, and D. Jenness 605
Response of Yeast a Cells to a-Factor Pheromone: Topology of the Receptor and Identification of a Component of the Response Pathway K. L. Clark, N. G. Davis, D. K. Wiest, J. -J. Hwang-Shum, and G. F. Sprague, Jr 611
Isolation and Characterization of Two Genes Encoding Yeast Mating Pheromone Signaling Elements: CDC72 and CDC73 S. I. Reed, J. Ferguson, and K.-Y. Jahng 621
Diverse Biological Functions of Small GTP-binding Proteins in Yeast D. Botstein, N. Segev, T. Stearns, M. A. Hoyt, J. Holden, and R. A. Kahn 629
Regulation of Vesicular Traffic by a GTP-binding Protein on the Cytoplasmic Surface of Secretory Vesicles in Yeast P. J. Novick, B. Goud, A. Salminen, N. C. Walworth, J. Nair, and M. Potenza 637
Studies of RAS Function in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae M. Wigler, J. Field, S. Powers, D. Broek, T. Toda, S. Cameron, J. Nikawa, T. Michaeli, J. Colicelli, and K. Ferguson 649
cAMP Receptor and G-protein Interactions Control Development in Dictyo- stelium M. Pupillo, P. Klein, R. Vaughan, G. Pitt, P. Lilly, T. Sun, P. Devreotes, A. Kumagai, and R. Firtel 657
Ion Channels in Paramecium, Yeast, and Escherichia coli Y. Saimi, B. Martinac, M. C. Gustin, M. R. Culbertson, J. Adler, and C. Kung 667
A Molecular Analysis of 0 Proteins and Control of Early Gene Expression by the Cell- surface cAMP Receptor in Dictyostelium A. Kumagai, S. K. O. Mann, M. Pupillo, G. Pitt, P N. Devreotes, and R. A. Firtel 675
Signal Transduction in the Nucleus
jun: Oncogene and Transcriptional Regulator A. R. Ball, Jr., T. J. Bos, C. Löliger, L. P Nagata, T. Nishimura, H. Su, H. Tsuchie, and P. K. Vogt 687
Transcriptional Regulation by the AP-1 Family of Enhancer-binding Proteins: A Nu- clear Target for Signal Transduction D. Bohmann, A. Admon, D. R. Turner, and R. Tjian 695
Transcriptional Activation by Yeast GCN4, a Functional Homolog to the jun Onco- protein K. Struhl, C. J. Brandl, W Chen, P. A. B. Harbury, I. A. Hope, and S. Mehadevan 701
YAPi Encodes a Yeast Homolog of Mammalian Transcription Factor AP-1 W. S. Moye-Rowley, K. D. Harshman, and C. S. Parker 711
Analysis of Serum Response Element Function In Vitro C. Norman and R. Treisman 719
Gene Regulation by Growth Factors R. Metz, J. Gorham, Z. Siegfried, D. Leonard, E. Gizang-Ginsberg, M. A. Thompson, D. Lawe, T. Kouzarides, R. Vosatka, D. MacGregor, S. Jamal, M. E. Greenberg, and E. B. Ziff 727
Transcriptional Regulation of c-fos R. Prywes, T. M. Fisch, and R. G. Roeder 739
Regulation of Proto-oncogene fos: A Paradigm for Early Response Genes P. Sassone- Corsi, W W Lamph, and I. M. Verma 749
Intracellular Mediators of c-fos Induction M. Z. Gilman, L. A. Berkowitz, J. R. Feramisco, B. R. Franza, Jr., R. M. Graham, K. T. Riabowol, and W. A. Ryan, Jr. 761
Beyond the Second Messenger: Oncogenes and Transcription Factors T. Curran, F. J. Rauscher III, D. R. Cohen, and B. R. Franza, Jr. 769
Nuclear Oncoproteins Determine the Genetic Program in Response to External Stimuli A. Schönthal, S. Gebel, B. Stein, H. Ponta, H. J. Rahmsdorf, and P. Herrlich 779
Phorbol-ester-induced Activation of the NF-KB Transcription Factor Involves Dissocia- tion of an Apparently Cytoplasmic NF-KB/Inhibitor Complex P. A. Baeuerle, M. Lenardo, J. W. Pierce, and D. Baltimore 789
Transcriptional Regulation of Interferon-stimulated Genes: A DNA Response Element and Induced Proteins That Recognize It D. Levy, N. Reich, D. Kessler, R. Pine, and J. E. Darnell, Jr. 799
Steroid Hormone Receptors
Ligand-regulated Nonspecific Inactivation of Receptor Function: A Versatile Mecha nism for Signal Transduction K. R. Yamamoto, P. J. Godowski, and D. Picard 803
Cooperative and Positional Independent trans-Activation Domains of the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor R. M. Evans and S. M. Hollenberg 813
Expression and Function of the Human Estrogen Receptor in Yeast J. H. White, D. Metzger, and P. Chambon 819
Cooperative Interactions of Steroid Hormone Receptors with Their Cognate Response Elements M. -J. Tsai, S. Y. Tsai, L. Klein-Hitpass, M. Bagchi, J. F. Elliston, J. Carlstedt-Duke, J. K. Gustafsson, and B. W. O'Malley 829
Cooperative Action of the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Transcription Factors U. Strähle, A. Münsterberg, R. Mestril, G. Klock, W. Ankenbauer, W. Schmid, and G. Schiitz 835
Growth Control in Mammalian Cells
Anti-oncogenes and the Negative Regulation of Cell Growth J. M. Horowitz, S. H. Friend, R. A. Weinberg, P. Whyte, K. Buchkovich, and E. Harlow 843
Interaction of ras p21 Proteins with GTPase Activating Protein F. McCormick, H. Adari, M. Trahey, R. Halenbeck, K. Koths, G. A. Martin, W. Crosier, K. Watt, B. Rubinfeld and G. Wong 849
Analysis of Mammalian ras Effector Function A. Hall, C. Calés, J. F. Hancock, A. Lloyd, A. Self, S. Gardener, M. D. Houslay, M. J. O. Wakelam, and C. J. Marshall 855
Structure/Function Studies of the ras Protein I. S. Sigal, M. S. Marshall, M. D. Schaber, U. S. Vogel, E. M. Scolnick, and J. B. Gibbs 863
Critical Role of Cellular ras Proteins in Proliferative Signal Transduction D. W Stacey, M.-H. Tsai, C.-L. Yu, and J. K. Smith 871
Influence of p2lras on Phosphatidylinositol Turnover J. Downward and R. A. Weinberg 8 883
Genomic Response to Growth Factors D. Nathans, L. F. Lau, B. Christy, S. Hartzell, Y. Nakabeppu, and K. Ryder 893
Identification of Growth-factor-inducible Genes in Mouse Fibroblasts R. Bravo, M. Zerial, L. Toschi, M. Schurmann, R. Muller, S. I. Hirai, M. Yaniv, J. M. Almendral, and R.-P. Ryseck 901
Characterization of p47gag-crk, a Novel Oncogene Product with Sequence Similarity to a Putative Modulatory Domain of Protein-Tyrosine Kinases and Phospholipase C. B. J. Mayer, M. Hamaguchi, and H. Hanafusa 907
Phospholipase C-148: Chromosomal Location and Deletion Mapping of Functional Domains A. Bristol, S. M. Hall, R. W. Kriz, M. L. Stahl, Y. S. Fan, M. G. Byers, R. L. Eddy, T. B. Shows, and J. L. Knopf 915
Primary Structure of PLC-154 M. Katan, R. W. Kriz, N. Tony, R. Phi Ip, E. Meldrum, R. A. Aldape, J. Knopf, and P. J. Parker 921
Second Messenger Systems
Inositol Trisphosphate and Calcium Signaling M. J. Berridge and C. W. Taylor 927
Agonist-induced Calcium Oscillations in Depolarized Fibroblasts and Their Manipula- tion by Photoreleased Ins(1,4,5)P3, Ca++, and Ca++ Buffer A. T. Harootunian, J. P. Y. Kao, and R. Y. Tsien 935
Signal Transduction in Mitogenesis: Further Evidence for Multiple Pathways E. Rozengurt, J. Erusalimsky, H. Mehmet, C. Morris, E. Ndnberg, and J. Sinnett- Smith 945
Role of Glycosyl Phosphoinositides in Insulin Action A. R. Saltiel, D. G. Osterman, and J. C. Darnell 955
Insulin Mediators: Structure and Formation J. Lamer, L. C. Huang, G. Tang, S. Suzuki, C. F. W. Schwartz, G. Romero, Z. Roulidis, K. Zeller, T. Y. Shen, A. S. Oswald, and L. Luttrell 965
Gram-negative Endotoxin: A Biologically Active Lipid C. R. H. Raetz, K. A. Brozek, T. Clementz, J. D. Coleman, S. M. Galloway, D. T. Golenbock, and R. Y. Hampton 973
GTP-binding Proteins in the Control of Exocytosis B. D. Gomperts and P. E. R. Tatham 983
The Membrane Form of Guanylate Cyclase D. L. Garbers, D. G. Lowe, L. J. Dangott, M. Chinkers, D. S. Thorpe, J. K. Bentley, C. S. Ramarao, D. V. Goeddel, and S. Singh 993
Effects of Nitrovasodilators, Endothelium-dependent Vasodilators, and Atrial Peptides on cGMP F. Murad, D. Leitman, S. Waldman, C.-H. Chang, M. Hirata, and K. Kohse 1005
Molecular Cloning of the Growth-factor-activatable Human Na+/H+ Antiporter C. Sardet, A. Franchi, and J. Pouysségur 1101
Summary
Summary: Signals Past, Present, and Future H.R. Bourne 1019
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