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 XL: The Synapse 1975 |
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From left: Dr. Sydney Brenner, Dr. Stephen Kuffler, Dr. A.L. Hodgkin  SYMPOSIUM SYNOPSIS LIST OF PARTICIPANTS CONTENTS OF SYMPOSIUM VOLUME PHOTOGRAPHS PUBLISHED VOLUME  |
The Synapse
Symposium Volume XL Contents
Symposium Participants v
Foreword xvii
STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF SYNAPTIC FUNCTION
A Guide to the Synaptic Analysis of the Neuropil S. L. Palay and V. Chan Palay 1
Preservation of Synaptic Structure by Rapid Freezing J. E. Heuser, T. S. Reese and D. M. D. Landis 17
Stimulation-induced Depletion of Vesicles, Fatigue of Transmission and Recov- ery Processes at a Vertebrate Central Synapse M. V. L. Bennett, P. G. Model and S. M. Highstein 25
The Structure and Permeability of Isolated Hepatocyte Gap Junctions D. A. Goodenough 37
The Protein Components of the Gap Junction J. R. Duguid and J. P. Revel 45
Permeable Junctions W. R. Loewenstein 49
CHEMISTRY OF SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
Recent Studies on the Comparative Biochemistry of the Cholinergic Neuron M. J. Dowdall, G. Fox, K. Wachtler, V. P. Whittaker and H. Zimmermann 65
Axonal Transport of Vesicles Carrying [3H] Serotonin in the Metacerebral Neu- ron of Aplysia californica J. H. Schwartz, J. E. Goldman, R. T. Ambron and D. J. Goldberg 83
Differential Labeling of Glial Cells and GABA-inhibitory Interneurons and Nerve Terminals following the Microinjection of [b3H]Alanine, [3H]- DABA and [3H]GABA into Single Folia on the Cerebellum J. S. Kelly and F. Dick 93
Modulation of Transmitter Release by Calcium Ions and Nerve Impulses R. Rahamimoff, S. D. Erulkar, E. Alnaes, H. Meiri, S. Rotshenker and H. Rahamimoff 107
b-Bungarotoxin, a Phospholipase That Stimulates Transmitter Release R. B. Kelly, S.O. Oberg, P. N. Strong and G. M. Wagner 117
Octopamine Neurons in Lobsters: Location, Morphology, Release of Octopamine and Possible Physiological Role E. A. Kravitz, P. D. Evans, B. R. Talamo, B. G. Wallace and B. A. Battelle 127
Substance P and Excitatory Transmitter of Primary Sensory Neurons M. Otsu- lea and S. Konishi 135
Electrogenic Effects of Neutral Amino Acids on Neurons of Aplysia californica J. S. Kehoe 145
Cyclic Nucleotides, Protein Phosphorylation and Synaptic Function K. O. Beam and P. Greengard 157
Molecular Basis for Postjunctional Conductance Increases Induced by Acetylcholine C. F. Stevens 169
The Number of Acetyicholine Molecules in a Quantum and the Interaction between Quanta at the Subsynaptic Membrane of the Skeletal Neuromus- cular Synapse H. C. Hartzell, S. W. Kuffler and D. Yoshikami 175
Analysis of Ccoperativity of Drug-Receptor Interaction by Quantitative lonto- phoresis at Frog Motor End Plates K. Peper, F. Dreyer and K. D. Muller 187
Characterization of Torpedo californica Acetyicholine Receptor: Its Subunit Composition and Ligand-binding Properties M. A. Raftery, R. L. Vandlen, K. L. Reed and T. Lee 193
Facets of the Structures of Acetyicholine Receptors from Electrophorus and Torpedo A. Karlin, C. L. Weill, M. G. McNamee and R. Valderrama 203
Some Structural Properties of the Cholinergic Receptor Protein in Its Membrane Environment Relevant to Its Function as a Pharmacological Receptor J.-P. Changeux, L. Benedetti, J.-P. Bourgeois, A. Brisson, J. Cartaud, P. Devaux, H. Griinhagen, M. Moreau, J.-L. Popot, A. Sobel and M. Weber 211
On the Interaction between Cobra a-Neurotoxin and the Acetyicholine Receptor A. Maelicke and E. Reich 231
Turnover of Acetylcholine Receptors in Skeletal Muscle P. N. Devreotes and D. M. Fambrough 237
The Biochemical Properties and Regulation of Acetylcholine Receptors in Nor- mal and Denervated Muscle J. P. Brockes, D. K. Berg and Z. W. Hall 253
Control of ACh Sensitivity in Rat Muscle Fibers T. Lømo and R. H. Westgaard 263
Persistence of Junctional Acetyicholine Receptors following Denervation E. Frank, K. Gautvik and H. Sommerschild 275
Synaptic Organization and Acetylcholine Sensitivity of Multiply Innervated Autonomic Ganglion Cells S. Roper, D. Purves and U. J. McMahan 283
GATING CURRENTS IN NERVE
Properties of the Sodium Channel Gating Current F. Bezanilla and C. M. Armstrong 297
Gating Mechanism for the Activation of the Sodium Conductance in Nerve Membranes E. Rojas 305
GENETIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACHES
Anatomy and Development of Identified Cells in Isogenic Organisms F. Le vinthal, E. Macagno and C. Levinthal 321
Synaptic Specificity in the Cerebellar Cortex: Study of Anomalous Circuits Induced by Single Gene Mutations in Mice P. Rakic 333
FORMATION AND MMNTENANCE OF SYNAPSES
Enrichment of Nerve-Muscle Synapses in Spinal Cord-Muscle Cultures and Identification of Relative Peaks of ACh Sensitivity at Sites of Transmitter Release G. D. Fischbach, D. K. Berg, S. A. Cohen and E. Frank 347
Central Nervous System Synapses in Cell Culture P. G. Nelson 359
Synapse Formation and Neurotrophic Effects on Muscle Cell Lines Y. Kido- koro, S. Heinemann, D. Schubert, B. L. Brandt and F. G. Klier 373
Biochemical Studies on the Development of Primary Sympathetic Neurons in Cell Culture P. H. Patterson, L. F. Reichardt and L. L. Y. Chun 389
Physiological and Morphological Studies on Developing Sympathetic Neurons in Dissociated Cell Culture P. H. O'Lague, P. R. MacLeish, C. A. Nurse, P. Claude, E. J. Furshpan and D. D. Potter 399
The Formation of Neuromuscular Synapses M. R. Bennett and A. G. Pettigrew 409
Formation and Elimination of Synapses in Skeletal Muscles of Rat J. K. S. Jansen, D. C. Van Essen and M. C. Brown 425
Physiological Properties of Nerve-Muscle Junctions Developing In Vivo M. J. Dennis and C. A. Ort 435
Cell Junctions in Development, with Particular Reference to the Neural Tube J.-P. Revel and S. S. Brown 443
LONG-TERM CHANGES AND SPECIFICITY OF CONNECTIONS
Responses of Spinal Motor Neurons to Section and Restoration of Peripheral Motor Connections M. Kuno 457
A Common Presynaptic Locus for the Synaptic Changes Underlying Short-term Habituation and Sensitization of the Gill-withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia E. R. Kandel, M. Brunelli, J. Byrne and V. Castellucci 465
Modification and Regeneration of Synaptic Connections in Cultured Leech Ganglia S. Miyazaki, J. G. Nicholls and B. G. Wallace 483
Repair of Specific Neuronal Pathways in the Leech D. Van Essen and J. K. S. Jansen 495
Topographic Polarity of the Optic Tectum Studied by Reimplantation of the Tectal Tissue in Adult Goldfish M. G. Yoon 503
RETINA AND VISUAL SYSTEM
Ultrastructural Analysis of Functional Changes in the Synaptic Endings of Turtle Cone Cells S. F. Schaeffer and E. Raviola 521
Transmission of Signals from Photoreceptors of Ganglion Cells in the Eye of the Turtle D. A. Baylor and R. Fettiplace 529
Synaptic Transmission from Photoreceptors to Bipolar and Horizontal Cells in the Carp Retina A. Kaneko and H. Shimazaki 537
Receptor Coupling in the Toad Retina G. L. Fain, G. H. Gold and J. E. Dowling 547
Signal Transmission from Photoreceptors to Ganglion Cells in the Visual Sys- tem of the Giant Barnacle S. Ozawa, S. Hagiwara, K. Nicolaysen and A. E. Stuart 563
Synaptic Chemistry of Identified Cells in the Vertebrate Retina D. M. K. Lam 571
Functional Architecture of Area 17 in Normal and Monocularly Deprived Ma- caque Monkeys D. H. Hubel, T. N. Wiesel and S. LeVay 581
The Functional Organization of Projections from Striate to Prestriate Visual Cortex in the Rhesus Monkey S. M. Zeki 591
Synaptic Competition in the Kitten's Visual Cortex C. Blakemore, R. C. Van Sluyters and J. A. Movshon 601
Adaptive Synaptic Connections Formed in the Visual Pathways in Response to Congenitally Aberrant Inputs R. W. Guillery and V. A. Casagrande 611
MODEL SYSTEMS
Basilar Membrane Motion G. Zweig 619
Nonlinear Interactions Underlying Visual Orientation Behavior of the Fly T. Poggio and W. Reichardt 635
Analyzing Natural Images: A Computational Theory of Texture Vision D. Marr 647
Peripheral Feedback in the Leech Swimming Rhythm W. B. Kristan, Jr. and G. S. Stent 663
SUMMARY
The Synapse C. F. Stevens 675
Foreword xvii
STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF SYNAPTIC FUNCTION
A Guide to the Synaptic Analysis of the Neuropil S. L. Palay and V. Chan Palay 1
Preservation of Synaptic Structure by Rapid Freezing J. E. Heuser, T. S. Reese and D. M. D. Landis 17
Stimulation-induced Depletion of Vesicles, Fatigue of Transmission and Recov- ery Processes at a Vertebrate Central Synapse M. V. L. Bennett, P. G. Model and S. M. Highstein 25
The Structure and Permeability of Isolated Hepatocyte Gap Junctions D. A. Goodenough 37
The Protein Components of the Gap Junction J. R. Duguid and J. P. Revel 45
Permeable Junctions W. R. Loewenstein 49
CHEMISTRY OF SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
Recent Studies on the Comparative Biochemistry of the Cholinergic Neuron M. J. Dowdall, G. Fox, K. Wachtler, V. P. Whittaker and H. Zimmermann 65
Axonal Transport of Vesicles Carrying [3H] Serotonin in the Metacerebral Neu- ron of Aplysia californica J. H. Schwartz, J. E. Goldman, R. T. Ambron and D. J. Goldberg 83
Differential Labeling of Glial Cells and GABA-inhibitory Interneurons and Nerve Terminals following the Microinjection of [b3H]Alanine, [3H]- DABA and [3H]GABA into Single Folia on the Cerebellum J. S. Kelly and F. Dick 93
Modulation of Transmitter Release by Calcium Ions and Nerve Impulses R. Rahamimoff, S. D. Erulkar, E. Alnaes, H. Meiri, S. Rotshenker and H. Rahamimoff 107
b-Bungarotoxin, a Phospholipase That Stimulates Transmitter Release R. B. Kelly, S.O. Oberg, P. N. Strong and G. M. Wagner 117
Octopamine Neurons in Lobsters: Location, Morphology, Release of Octopamine and Possible Physiological Role E. A. Kravitz, P. D. Evans, B. R. Talamo, B. G. Wallace and B. A. Battelle 127
Substance P and Excitatory Transmitter of Primary Sensory Neurons M. Otsu- lea and S. Konishi 135
Electrogenic Effects of Neutral Amino Acids on Neurons of Aplysia californica J. S. Kehoe 145
Cyclic Nucleotides, Protein Phosphorylation and Synaptic Function K. O. Beam and P. Greengard 157
Molecular Basis for Postjunctional Conductance Increases Induced by Acetylcholine C. F. Stevens 169
The Number of Acetyicholine Molecules in a Quantum and the Interaction between Quanta at the Subsynaptic Membrane of the Skeletal Neuromus- cular Synapse H. C. Hartzell, S. W. Kuffler and D. Yoshikami 175
Analysis of Ccoperativity of Drug-Receptor Interaction by Quantitative lonto- phoresis at Frog Motor End Plates K. Peper, F. Dreyer and K. D. Muller 187
Characterization of Torpedo californica Acetyicholine Receptor: Its Subunit Composition and Ligand-binding Properties M. A. Raftery, R. L. Vandlen, K. L. Reed and T. Lee 193
Facets of the Structures of Acetyicholine Receptors from Electrophorus and Torpedo A. Karlin, C. L. Weill, M. G. McNamee and R. Valderrama 203
Some Structural Properties of the Cholinergic Receptor Protein in Its Membrane Environment Relevant to Its Function as a Pharmacological Receptor J.-P. Changeux, L. Benedetti, J.-P. Bourgeois, A. Brisson, J. Cartaud, P. Devaux, H. Griinhagen, M. Moreau, J.-L. Popot, A. Sobel and M. Weber 211
On the Interaction between Cobra a-Neurotoxin and the Acetyicholine Receptor A. Maelicke and E. Reich 231
Turnover of Acetylcholine Receptors in Skeletal Muscle P. N. Devreotes and D. M. Fambrough 237
The Biochemical Properties and Regulation of Acetylcholine Receptors in Nor- mal and Denervated Muscle J. P. Brockes, D. K. Berg and Z. W. Hall 253
Control of ACh Sensitivity in Rat Muscle Fibers T. Lømo and R. H. Westgaard 263
Persistence of Junctional Acetyicholine Receptors following Denervation E. Frank, K. Gautvik and H. Sommerschild 275
Synaptic Organization and Acetylcholine Sensitivity of Multiply Innervated Autonomic Ganglion Cells S. Roper, D. Purves and U. J. McMahan 283
GATING CURRENTS IN NERVE
Properties of the Sodium Channel Gating Current F. Bezanilla and C. M. Armstrong 297
Gating Mechanism for the Activation of the Sodium Conductance in Nerve Membranes E. Rojas 305
GENETIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACHES
Anatomy and Development of Identified Cells in Isogenic Organisms F. Le vinthal, E. Macagno and C. Levinthal 321
Synaptic Specificity in the Cerebellar Cortex: Study of Anomalous Circuits Induced by Single Gene Mutations in Mice P. Rakic 333
FORMATION AND MMNTENANCE OF SYNAPSES
Enrichment of Nerve-Muscle Synapses in Spinal Cord-Muscle Cultures and Identification of Relative Peaks of ACh Sensitivity at Sites of Transmitter Release G. D. Fischbach, D. K. Berg, S. A. Cohen and E. Frank 347
Central Nervous System Synapses in Cell Culture P. G. Nelson 359
Synapse Formation and Neurotrophic Effects on Muscle Cell Lines Y. Kido- koro, S. Heinemann, D. Schubert, B. L. Brandt and F. G. Klier 373
Biochemical Studies on the Development of Primary Sympathetic Neurons in Cell Culture P. H. Patterson, L. F. Reichardt and L. L. Y. Chun 389
Physiological and Morphological Studies on Developing Sympathetic Neurons in Dissociated Cell Culture P. H. O'Lague, P. R. MacLeish, C. A. Nurse, P. Claude, E. J. Furshpan and D. D. Potter 399
The Formation of Neuromuscular Synapses M. R. Bennett and A. G. Pettigrew 409
Formation and Elimination of Synapses in Skeletal Muscles of Rat J. K. S. Jansen, D. C. Van Essen and M. C. Brown 425
Physiological Properties of Nerve-Muscle Junctions Developing In Vivo M. J. Dennis and C. A. Ort 435
Cell Junctions in Development, with Particular Reference to the Neural Tube J.-P. Revel and S. S. Brown 443
LONG-TERM CHANGES AND SPECIFICITY OF CONNECTIONS
Responses of Spinal Motor Neurons to Section and Restoration of Peripheral Motor Connections M. Kuno 457
A Common Presynaptic Locus for the Synaptic Changes Underlying Short-term Habituation and Sensitization of the Gill-withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia E. R. Kandel, M. Brunelli, J. Byrne and V. Castellucci 465
Modification and Regeneration of Synaptic Connections in Cultured Leech Ganglia S. Miyazaki, J. G. Nicholls and B. G. Wallace 483
Repair of Specific Neuronal Pathways in the Leech D. Van Essen and J. K. S. Jansen 495
Topographic Polarity of the Optic Tectum Studied by Reimplantation of the Tectal Tissue in Adult Goldfish M. G. Yoon 503
RETINA AND VISUAL SYSTEM
Ultrastructural Analysis of Functional Changes in the Synaptic Endings of Turtle Cone Cells S. F. Schaeffer and E. Raviola 521
Transmission of Signals from Photoreceptors of Ganglion Cells in the Eye of the Turtle D. A. Baylor and R. Fettiplace 529
Synaptic Transmission from Photoreceptors to Bipolar and Horizontal Cells in the Carp Retina A. Kaneko and H. Shimazaki 537
Receptor Coupling in the Toad Retina G. L. Fain, G. H. Gold and J. E. Dowling 547
Signal Transmission from Photoreceptors to Ganglion Cells in the Visual Sys- tem of the Giant Barnacle S. Ozawa, S. Hagiwara, K. Nicolaysen and A. E. Stuart 563
Synaptic Chemistry of Identified Cells in the Vertebrate Retina D. M. K. Lam 571
Functional Architecture of Area 17 in Normal and Monocularly Deprived Ma- caque Monkeys D. H. Hubel, T. N. Wiesel and S. LeVay 581
The Functional Organization of Projections from Striate to Prestriate Visual Cortex in the Rhesus Monkey S. M. Zeki 591
Synaptic Competition in the Kitten's Visual Cortex C. Blakemore, R. C. Van Sluyters and J. A. Movshon 601
Adaptive Synaptic Connections Formed in the Visual Pathways in Response to Congenitally Aberrant Inputs R. W. Guillery and V. A. Casagrande 611
MODEL SYSTEMS
Basilar Membrane Motion G. Zweig 619
Nonlinear Interactions Underlying Visual Orientation Behavior of the Fly T. Poggio and W. Reichardt 635
Analyzing Natural Images: A Computational Theory of Texture Vision D. Marr 647
Peripheral Feedback in the Leech Swimming Rhythm W. B. Kristan, Jr. and G. S. Stent 663
SUMMARY
The Synapse C. F. Stevens 675
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