Contents


Symposium Participants    v

Foreword    xv



PHYSICAL ORGANIZATION OF DNA IN CHROMOSOMES

On the Nature of Chromosome-sized DNA Molecules R. Kavenoff, L. C. Klotz, and B. H. Zimm    1

Yeast Chromosomal DNA: Size, Structure, and Replication T. D. Petes, C. S. Newlon, B. Byers, and W. L. Fangman    9

Studies on Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA of Saceharomyces cerevisiae D. R. Cryer, C. D. Goldthwaite, S. Zinker, K.-B. Lam, E. Storm, R. Hirschberg, J. Blamire, D. B. Finkeistein, and J. Marmur    17

RNA Molecules Bound to the Folded Bacterial Genome Stabilize DNA Folds and Segregate Domains of Supercoiling D. E. Pettijohn and R.. Hecht    31

Studies on the Folded Chromosome of Escherichia coli A. Worcel, E. Burgi, J. Robinton, and C. L. Carison    43

Electron Microscopic Studies on the Folded Chromosome of Escherichia coli H. Delius and A. Worcel    53

Chromosomal Analogues: Long-range Order in Y-Condensed DNA L. S. Lerman    59

X-Ray Diffraction Studies on Oriented Nucleohistone Gels J. F. Pardon, B. M. Richards, and R. I. Cotter    75

Recent DNA Fiber Diffraction Studies and Their Implications for DNA Recognition S. Bram    83

Quantitative Constraints in the Arrangement of Human DNA E. J. DuPraw    87



ORGANIZATION OF CHROMOSOMES WITHIN THE NUCLEUS

Quantitative Electron Microscopy of Chromosome Organization at Meiotic Prophase P. B. Moens    99

Modified Synaptinemal Complexes in Spermatocytes of Stethophyma grossum G. H. Jones    109

The Synaptinemal Complex in Homologous and Nonhomologous Pairing of Chromosomes C. B. Gullies, S. W. Rasmussen, and D. von Wettstein    117

Duplication of Spindle Plaques and Integration of the Yeast Cell Cycle B. Byers and L. Goetsch    123

On the Nature of Heteroploidy P. M. Kraemer, L. L. Deaven, H. A. Crissman, J. A. Steinkamp, and D. F. Petersen    133

Some Aspects of Chromosome Structure in Eukaryotes D. E. Comings and T. A. Okada    145

Conservation of Ar1cient Linkage Groups in Evolution and Some Insight into the Genetic Regulatory Mechanism of X-inactivation S. Ohno    155

Laser Microirradiation of Chromosomes M. W. Bern    165

Nuclear DNA Variation Due to B Chromosomes H. Rees and J. Hutchinson    175

The Integration of Supernumerary Chromosomes into the Orthopteran Genome G. M. Hewitt    183



DNA REPLICATION

DNA Replication in the Chromosomes of Eukaryotes H. G. Callan    195

The Units of DNA Replication in Drosophila melanogaster Chromosomes A. B. Blumenthal, H. J. Kriegstein, and D. S. Hogness    205

Functional Subunits of Chromosomal DNA from Higher Eukaryotes J. H. Taylor, M. Wu, and L. C. Erickson    225

Discontinuous DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells J. A. Huberman and H. Horwitz    233

The Temporal Order of Replication of Some DNA Cistrons I. Balazs, E. H. Brown, and C. L. Schildkraut    239

The Assembly of Newly Replicated DNA into Chromatin H. Weintraub    247

The Mechanism of SV40 DNA Replication N. P. Salzman, G. C. Fareed, E. D. Sebring, and M. M. Thoren    257

Replication of Mitochondrial DNA: Replicative Forms of Molecules from Rat Tissues and Evidence for Discontinuous Replication D. R. Wolstenholme, K. Koike, and P. Cochran-Foists    267

The Replication and Structure of Mitochondrial DNA in Animal Cells H. Kasamatsu, L. I. Grossman, D. L. Robberson, R. Watson, and J. Vinograd    281

Relationships Among RNA-directed DNA Polymerase Activities of Avian Viruses and Chicken Cells S. Mizutani, C- Y. Kang, and H. M. Temin    289



REPEATED SEQUENCES AND THEIR ARRANGEMENT IN CHROMOSOMES

Arrangement and Characterization of Repetitive Sequence Elements in Animal DNAs E. H. Davidson, D. E. Graham, B. R. Neufeld, M. E. Chamberlin, C. S. Amenson, B. R. Hough, and R. J. Britten    295

Functional Organization of the Mammalian Genome J. Bonner, W. T. Garrard, J. Gottesfeld, D. S. Holmes, J. S. Sevall, and M. Wilkes    303

Oragnization and Transcription of DNA in Chromosomes and Mitochondria of Drosophila C. D. Laird, W. Y. Chooi, E. H. Cohen, E. Dickson, N. Hutchinson, and S. H. Turner    311

Characterization of the Rapidly Renaturing Sequences in the Main CsCl Density Bands of Drosophila, Mouse, and Human DNA J. E. Hearst, T. R. Cech, K. A. Marx, A. Rosenfeld, and J. R. Allen    329

Bulk Isolation of Metaphase Chromosomes from an In Vitro Cell Line of Drosophila melanogaster C. V. Hanson and J. E. Hearst    341

The Rolling Helix: A Model for the Eukaryotic Gene? C. A. Thomas, Jr    347

Cyclodromes and Palindromes in Chromosomes C. A. Thomas, Jr., R. E. Pyeritz, D. A. Wilson, B. M. Dancis, C. S. Lee, M. D. Bick, H. L. Huang, and B. H. Zimin    353

Repetitive Sequences in Isolated Thomas Circles from Drosophila melanogaster F. H. Schachat and D. S. Hogness    371

Cleavage of Mouse DNA by a Restriction Enzyme as a Clue to the Arrangement of Genes M. Botchan, G. McKenna, and P. A. Sharp    383

Appendix: Cleavage of Integrated SV40 RI Restriction Endonuclease M. Botchan and G. McKenna Repetitive DNA in Polytene Chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster G. T. Rudkin and K. D. Tartof    397

The Organization of Highly Repeated DNA Sequences in Drosophila melano- gaster Chromosomes W. J. Peacock, D. Brutlag, E. Goldring, R. Appels, C. W. Hinton, and D. L. Lindsley    405

The Satellite DNAs of Drosophila virilis J. G. Gall, E. H. Cohen, and D. D. Atherton    417

The Evolution of Satellite DNA in Drosophila virilis M. Blumenfeld    423

The Action of a Restriction Endonuclease on Higher Organism DNA E. M. Southern and G. Roizes    429

Acridine Orange and the Investigation of Chromosome Banding M. Bobrow    435

Fluorescent Probes of Chromosomal DNA Structure: Three Classes of Acridines B. Weisblum    441



THE GENES FOR RIBOSOMAL AND TRANSFER RNA

Clustered Arrangement of tRNA Genes of Xenopus laevis S. G. Clarkson and M. L. Birnstiel    451

Studies on the Transfer RNA Genes of Drosophila T. A. Grigliatti, B. N. White, G. M. Tener, T. C. Kaufman, J. J. Holden, and D. T. Suzuki    461

Localization of Repeated DNA Sequences in Xenopus Chromosomes M. L. Pardue    475

On the Cell Stage of X-Y Recombination During rDNA Magnification in Dro- sophila F. Ritossa, F. Scalenghe, N. Di Turi, and A. M. Contini    483

Unequal Mitotic Sister Chromatid Exchange and Disproportionate Replication as Mechanisms Regulating Ribosomal RNA Gene Redundancy K. D. Tartof    491

The Structure and Evolution of Ribosomal and 5 S DNAs in Xenopus laevis and Xenopus mullen D. D. Brown and K. Sugimoto    501

Unequal Crossover and the Evolution of Multigene Families G. P. Smith    507

Gene Pool of Higher Organisms as a Product of Evolution M. Kimura    515

Secondary Structure Maps of Ribosomal RNA and Its Precursors as Determined by Electron Microscopy P. K. Wellauer and I. B. Dawid    525

The Nucleolus and the Rolling Circle D. Hourcade, D. Dressler, and J. Wolfson    537

The Synthesis of Amplified Ribosomal DNA G. P. Tocchini- Valentini, V. Mahdavi, R. Brown, and M. Crippa    551

The Molecular Organization of the Chromomeres of Acheta Involved in Ribo- somal DNA Amplification A. Lima-de-Faria    559



CHROMOMERES AND BANDS

An Examination of the One Cistron:One Chromomere Concept B. H. Judd and M. W. Young    573

Analysis of a Whole Chromosome in Drosophila B. Hochrnan    581

The One Band-One Gene Hypothesis: Evidence from a Cytogenetic Analysis of Mutant and Nonmutant Rearrangement Breakpoints in Drosophila melano- gaster G. Lefevre, Jr    591

Organization of Chromomeres V. Sorsa    601

Chromosome Structure in Ciliated Protozoans D. M. Prescott and K. G. Munti    609



LOOPS, PUFFS, AND BALBIANI RINGS

Chromosome Puffs and Gene Expression in Polytene Cells U. Grossbach    619

The Transcription Unit in Balbiani Ring 2 of Chironomus tentans B. Daneholt and H. Hosick    629

Repeated Nucleotide Sequences in a Single Puff of Chironomws tentans Polytene Chromosomes B. Lambert    637

Structure and Function in the Genome of Drosophila hydei H. D. Berendes, C. Abaso, P. J. Helmsing, H. J. Leenders, and J. Derksen    645

Temporal Control of Puffing Activity in Polytene Chromosomes M. Ash- burner, C. Chihara, P. Meltzer, and G. Richards    655

Local Structural Variations of the Y Chromosome of Drosophila hydei and Their Correlation to Genetic Activity O. Hess    663

Structure and Function of the Y Chromosome of Drosophila hydei W. Hennig, G. F. Meyer, I. Hennig, and O. Leoncini    673

Genetic Organization and Regulation of the Drosophila Y Chromosome T. G. Sanders and G. B. Ayles    685

Chromosome Products in Chironomus tentans Salivary Gland Cells J. E. Edström and R. Tanguay    693



STRUCTURAL GENES AND THEIR PRODUCTS

The Length of Fibroin Structural Gene Sequences in Bombyx mori DNA P. M. Lizardi and D. D. Brown    701

DNA Sequences Neighboring the Duck Hemoglobin Genes J. O. Bishop and K. B. Freeman    707

Messenger RNAs for Individual Histone Proteins: Fingerprint Analysis and In Vitro Translation M. Grunstein, S. Levy, P. Schedl, and L. Kedes    717

Immunoglobulin Genes: Arranged in Tandem or in Parallel? O. Smithies    725

Immunoglobulin Genes: A Test of Somatic vs. Germ Line Hypothesis by RNA/ DNA Hybridization T. Delovitch and C. Baglioni    739

Regulated Expression of Mammalian Genes: Globin and Immunoglobulin as Model Systems P. Leder, J. Ross, J. Gielen, S. Packman, Y. ikawa, H. Aviv, and D. Swan    753



CHROMATIN

Transcription and Chromatin Structure B. J. McCarthy, J. T. Nishiura, D. Doenecke, D. S. Nasser, and C. B. Johnson    763

Chromatin Template Activity and Chromatin Structure R. Axel, H. Cedar, and G. Felsenfeld    773

Phosphorylation of DNA-binding Nuclear Acidic Proteins and Gene Activation in the HeLa Cell Cycle V. G. Allfrey, A. Inoue, J. Karn, E. M. Johnson, and G. Vidali    785

Enzymatic Modifications and Their Possible Roles in Regulating the Binding of Basic Proteins to DNA and in Controlling Chromosomal Structure A. J. Louie, E. P. M. Candido, and G. H. Dixon    803

A Prologue to the Study of the Nonhistone Chromosomal Proteins S. C. R. Elgin, J. B. Boyd, L. E. Hood, W. Wray, and F. C. Wu    821

Biochemical and Morphological Studies of Partially Purified Chinese Hamster Chromosomes E. Stubblefteld and W. Wray    835



TRANSCRIPTION

Sequences of Controlling Regions of the Lactose Operon W. Gilbert, N. Maizels, and A. Maxam    845

Control Elements in the DNA of Bacteriophagel T. Maniatis, M. Ptashne, and R. Maurer    857

On the Structural Organization of the Transcriptional Unit in Animal Chromo- somes G. P. Georgiev, A. J. Varshavsky, A. P. Ryskov, and R. B. Church    869

The Globin Gene: Structure and Expression J. Paul, R. S. Gilmour, N. Affara, G. Birnie, P. Harrison, A. Hell, S. Humphries, J. Windass, and B. Young    885

Origin of mRNA in HeLa Cells and the Implications for Chromosome Structure W. Jelinek, G. Molloy, M. Salditt, R. Wall, D. Sheiness, and J. E. Darnell, Jr    891

Transcription and Structure of the Genome of the Cellular Slime Mold Dictyos- telium discoideum H. F. Lodish, R. A. Firtel, and A. Jacobson    899

Ultrastructure of Active Eukaryotic Genomes B. A. Hamkalo, O. L. Miller, Jr., and A. H. Bakken    915

Some Properties of RNA: Protein Complexes from the Nucleus of Eukaryotic Cells T. Martin, P. Billings, A. Levey, S. Ozarslan, T. Quinlan, H. Swift, and L. Urbas    921

Sequence Arrangement in mRNA: Presence of Poly(A) and Identification of a Repetitive Fragment at the 5¢ End M. Crippa, I. Meza, and D. Dma    933

An Electron Microscope Study of Sindbis Virus RNA M-T. Hsu, H-J. Kung, and N. Davidson    943

Molecular Models and Combinatorial Principles in Cell Differentiation and Morphogenesis A. Gierer    951



SUMMARY

Chromosomes 1973: Organization of Genetic Material in Eukaryotes-Progress and Prospects H. Swift    963