The Mechanism of Muscle Contraction

Symposium Participants    vii

Foreword    xvii



SEQUENCE, SUBUNITS, AND ASSEMBLY OF MUSCLE PROTEINS

The Amino Acid Sequence of Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Actin M. Elzinga and
J. H. Collins 1

Structural Studies on the Light Chains of Myosin A. G. Weeds and G. Frank 9

Stoichiometry and Sequential Removal of the Light Chains of Myosin S. Sarkar 14

A Phosphorylated Light Chain Component of Myosin from Skeletal Muscle
W. T. Perrie, L. B. Smillie, and S. V. Perry 17

An Immunochemical Approach to the Interaction of Light and Heavy Chains in
Myosin S. Lowey and J. C. Holt 19

Studies on the Role of Light and Heavy Chains in Myosin Adenosine Triphos-
phatase P. Dreizen and D. H. Richards 29

Myosin-linked Regulatory Systems: The Role of the Light Chains J. Kendrick-
Jones, E. M. Szentkirályi, and A. G. Szent-Györgyi 47

Studies on the Helical Segment of the Myosin Molecule N. A. Biró, L. Szilagyi,
and M. Bálint 55

Studies on the Structure and Assembly Pattern of the Light Meromyosin
Section of the Myosin Rod 31. Young, M. V. King, D. S. O’Hara, and
P. J. Molberg 65

Association of Myosin to Form Contractile Systems W. F. Harrington,
M. Burke, and J. S. Barton 77

C-Protein and the Periodicity in the Thick Filaments of Vertebrate Skeletal
Muscle G. Offer 87

The Myosin Filament: Immunochemical and Ultrastructural Approaches to
Molecular Organization F. A. Pepe 97

Filaments from Purified Smooth Muscle Myosin A. Sobieszek and J. V. Small 109

ATPASE AND CONTRACTION

Inhibition of Heavy Meromyosin by Purine Disulfide Analogs of Adenosine
Triphosphate R. G. Yount, J. S. Frye, and K. R. O’Keefe 113

Inhibition of Myosin ATPase with a Disulfide Analog of ATP H. J. Mannlierz,
R. S. Goody, and F. Eckstein 119

An ATP-Binding Peptide C. Barany and R. B. Merrifteld 121

Transient Kinetic Studies of the Mg++-dependent ATPase of Myosin and Its
Proteolytic Subfragments C. R. Bagshaw, J. F. Eccleston, D. R. Trentham,
D. W. Yates, and R. S. Goody 127

Actin Activation of Heavy Meromyosin and Subfragment-1 ATPases: Steady
State Kinetics Studies C. Moos 137

Evidence for a Refractory State of Heavy Meromyosin and Subfragment- 1
Unable to Bind to Actin in the Presence of ATP E. Eisenberg and W. W.
Kielley 145

Possible Differentiation between Rigor Type Interactions of the Two Myosin
Heads with Actin M. C. Schaub and J. G. Watterson 153

A Proposal for the Mechanism of Contraction in Intact Frog Muscle M. Bárány
and K. Bárány 157

Formation and Decomposition of the Myosin-Phosphate-ADP Complex in the
Myosin-ATPase Reaction Y. Tonomura, Y. Hayashi, and A. Inoue 169

Studies on the Mechanism of Myosin and Actomyosin ATPase J. F. Koretz,
T. Hunt, and E. W. Taylor 179

Investigation of Conformational Changes in Spin-labeled Myosin: Implications
for the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Contraction J. C. Seidel and J.
Gergely 187

Does A Myosin Cross-Bridge Progress Arm-over-Arm on the Actin Filament?
J. Botts, R. Cooke, C. dos Remedios, J. Duke, R. Mendelson, M. F. Morales,
T. Tokiwa, G. Viniegra, and R. Yount 195

Links between Mechanical and Biochemical Kinetics of Muscle D. C. S. White 201

MUSCLE REGULATORY SYSTEMS

Regulatory Proteins of Muscle with Special Reference to Troponin S. Ebashi,
I. Ohtsuki, and K. Mihashi 215

Studies on the Subunit Composition of Troponin D. J. Hartshorne and P.
Dreizen 225

Troponin Subunits and Their Interactions M. L. Greaser,M. Yamaguchi,
C. Brekke, J. Potter, and J. Gergely 235

Troponin—Its Composition and Interaction with Tropomyosin and F-Actin
W. Drabikowski, E. Nowak, B. Barylko, and R. Dabrowska 245

Localization and Mode of Action of the Inhibitory Protein Component of the
Troponin Complex S. V. Perry, H. A. Cole, J. F. Head, and F. J. Wilson 251

Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation of the Inhibitory Component of
Troponin J. T. Stull, P. J. England, C. O. Brostrom, and E. G. Krebs 263

Manifestations of Cooperative Behavior in the Regulated Actin Filament during
Actin-activated ATP Hydrolysis in the Presence of Calcium R. D. Bremel,
J.M. Murray, and A. Weber. 267

Dynamic Property of F-Actin and Thin Filament F. Oosawa, S. Fujime, S.
Ishiwata, and K. Mihashi 277

Tropomyosin-Troponin Assembly C. Cohen, D. L. D. Caspar, J. P. Johnson,
K. Nauss, S. S. Margossian, and D. A. D. Parry 287

Tropomyosin: Amino Acid Sequence and Coiled-Coil Structure R. S. Hodges,
J. Sodek, L. B. Smillie, and L. Jurasek 299

Structure of the Actin-containing Filaments in Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle
J. Hanson, V. Lednev, E. J. O’Brien, and P. M. Bennett 311

Myosin-linked Regulatory Systems: Comparative Studies W. Lehman, J.
Kendrick-Jones, and A. G. Szent-Györgyi 319

MUSCLE STRUCTURE

Structural Studies by X-Ray Diffraction of Striated Muscle Permeated with
Certain Ions and Proteins E. Rome 331

X-Ray Evidence for a Conformational Change in the Actin-containing Filaments
of Vertebrate Striated Muscle J. C. Haselgrove 341

Studies of the Low-Angle X-Ray Pattern of a Mulluscan Smooth Muscle during
Tonic Contraction and Rigor J. Lowy and P. J. Vibert 353

Structural Changes in the Actin- and Myosin-containing Filaments during
Contraction H. E. Huxley 361

Changes in the Polarization of Tryptophan Fluorescence in the Actomyosin
System of Working Muscle Fibers G. J. Steiger, J. C. Rüegg, K. M. Boldt,
D. W. Lübbers, and W. Breull 377

The Structure and Function of Insect Muscle P. Armitage, A. Miller, C. D.
Rodger, and R. T. Tregear 379

Intensity Fluctuation Autocorrelation Studies of Resting and Contracting Frog
Sartorius Muscle F. D. Carlson, R. Bonner, and A. Fraser 389

How Many Myosins per Cross-Bridge? I. Flight Muscle Myofibrils from the
Blowfly, Sarcophaga bullata M. K. Reedy, G. F. Bahr, and D. A. Fischman 397

How Many Myosins per Cross-Bridge? II. Flight Muscle Myosin from the
Blowfly, Sarcophaga bullata B. Bullard and M. K. Reedy 423

Biochemical and Ultrastructural Studies on Vertebrate Smooth Muscle R. V.
Rice and A. C. Brady 429

The Core Component of the Myosin-containing Elements of Vertebrate Smooth
Muscle J. V. Small and A. Sobieszek 439

Effects of ATP Analogs on the Low-Angle X-Ray Diffraction Pattern of Insect
Flight Muscle J. Barrington Leigh, K. C. Holmes, H. G. Mannherz, G.
Rosenbaum, F. Eckstein, and R. Goody 443

X-Ray Diagrams from Skeletal Muscle in the Presence of ATP Analogs R. W.
Lymn and H. E. Huxley 449

SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

The Biosynthesis of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membranes and the Mechanism
of Calcium Transport A. Martonosi, R. Boland, and R. A. Halpin 455

Isolation of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Proteins D. H. MacLennan, C. C. Yip,
G. H.Iles, and P. Seeman. 469

Electrical Events in the T-System of Frog Skeletal Muscle L. D. Peachy 479
Calcium and the Control of Contraction and Relaxation in a Molluscan Catch
Muscle B. Twarog and Y. Muneoka 489

Length Dependence of Activation of Skinned Muscle Fibers by Calcium M.
Endo 505

MYOGENESIS

M and Z Band Components and the Assembly of Myofibrils J. D. Etlinger
and D. A. Fischman 511

Functions of Cytoplasmic Fibers in Non-Muscle Cell Motility R. D. Goldman
and D. M. Knipe 523

Myosin Messenger RNA: Studies on Its Purification, Properties and Translation
during Myogenesis in Culture G. E. Morris, E. A. Buzash, A. W. Rourke,
K. Tepperman, W. C. Thompson, and S. M. Heywood 535

Gene Expression during Differentiation of Contractile Muscle Fibers D. Yaffe
and H. Dym 543

Selected Topics in Skeletal Myogenesis H. Holtzer, J. W. Sanger, H. Ishikawa,
and K. Strahs 549

CONTRACTILE PROTEINS IN NON-MUSCLE TISSUE

Cytoplasmic Actin: A Comparative Study D. Bray 567

The “Contractile” Proteins of Acanthamoeba castellanii T. D. Pollard and E.
D. Korn 573

Effects of Cytochalasin B on Actin Filaments J. A. Spudich 585

Studies on the Contractile Proteins from Blood Platelets J. Abramowitz,M. N.
Malik, A. Stracher, and T. C. Detwiler 595

The Characterization of Contractile Proteins from Platelets and Fibroblasts
R. S. Adelstein and M. A. Conti 599

Physarum Myosin: Two New Properties V. T. Nachmias 607

ENERGETICS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Heat, Work, and Phosphocreatine Splitting during Muscular Contraction C.
Gilbert, K. M. Kretzschmar, and D. R. Wilkie 613

Chemical and Mechanical Changes during Stretching of Activated Frog Skeletal
Muscle N. A. Curtin and R. E. Davies 619

Comments on Activation Heat and Its Relation to Activation A. Fraser 627

In Vitro Calorimetric Studies Relating to the Interpretation of Muscle Heat
Experiments R C. Woledge 629

Regulation of Force and Speed of Shortening in Muscle Contraction F. J.
Julian and M. R. Sollins 635

An Interpretation of the Effects of Fiber Length and Calcium on the Mechanical
Properties of Insect Flight Muscle B. H. Abbott 647

Estimates of Force and Time of Actomyosin Interaction in an Active Muscle
and of the Number Interacting at Any One Time J. Pybus and R. Tregear 655

Muscle Contraction Transients, Cross-Bridge Kinetics, and the Fenn Effect
R. J. Podolsky and A. C. Nolan 661

Mechanical Transients and the Origin of Muscular Force A. F. Huxley and
R. M. Simmons 669

The Conversion of Osmotic into Chemical Energy Coupled with Calcium Trans-
location across the Sarcoplasmic Membrane M. Makinose 681

A Model for Muscle Contraction in Which Cross-Bridge Attachment and Force
Generation Are Distinct F. J. Julian, K. R. Sollins, and M. R. Sollins 685

SUMMARY

Muscle 1972: Progress and Problems H. E. Huxley 689