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 XXXVI: Structure and Function of Proteins at the Three-Dimensional Level 1971 |
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From left: Dr. Michael Raftery, Dr. Alexander Rich, Dr. Dorothy Hodgkin  SYMPOSIUM SYNOPSIS LIST OF PARTICIPANTS CONTENTS OF SYMPOSIUM VOLUME PHOTOGRAPHS PUBLISHED VOLUME  |
Structure and Function of Proteins at the Three-Dimensional Level
Symposium Volume XXXVI Contents
Dedication vii
Symposium Participants xiii
Foreword xix
GENERAL CONSIDERATION OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND CATALYSIS
Structure-Reactivity Correlations and General Acid-Base Catalysis in Enzymic Transacylation Reactions W. P. Jencks 1 The Importance of Orientation Factors in Enzymatic Reactions D. E. Kosh land, Jr., K. W. Carraway, G. A. Dafforn, J. D. Gass, and D. R. Storm 13
Views on Approximation, Orbital Steering, and Enzymatic and Model Reactions T. C. Bruice 21
The Role of Distortion in the Lysozyme Mechanism B. D. Sykes, S. L. Patt, and D. Dolphin 29
Protein Structure, Ribonuclease-S and Nucleotide Interactions F. M. Richards, H. W. Wyckoff, W. D. Carlson, N. M. Allewell, B. Lee, and Y. Mitsui 35
Enzymatic Catalysis and the Transition State Theory of Reaction Rates: Transition State Analogs C. E. Lienhard, I. I. Secemski, K. A. Koehler, and R. N. Lindquist 45
The Entatic State R. J. P. Williams 53
PROTEASES: STRUCTURE, CATALYSIS, INHIBITION
a-Chymotrypsin: What Can We Learn about Catalysis from X-Ray Diffraction? R. Henderson, C. S. Wright, C. P. Hess, and D. M. Blow 63
Conformational Equilibria and the Salt Bridge in Chymotrypsin A. R. Fersht 71
Spectrophotometric and Structural Evidence as to the Mechanism of Protease Catalysis at Chemical Bonding Resolution S. A. Bernhard and S.-J. Lau 75
The Stereochemistry of Substrate Binding to Chymotrypsin Ag D. M. Segal, G. H. Cohen, D. R. Davies, J. C. Powers, and P. E. Wilcox 85
Conformational Changes and Inhibitor Binding at the Active Site of Elastase D. M. Shotton, N. J. White, and H. C. Watson 91
A Comparison of the Three-dimensional Structures of Subtilisin BPN¢ and Subtilisin Novo J. Drenth, W. C. J. Hol, J. N. Jansonius, and R. Koekoek 107
The Aromatic Substrate Binding Site in Subtilisin BPN¢ and Its Resemblance to Chymotrypsin J. Kraut, J. D. Robertus, J. J. Birktoft, R. A. Alden, P. E. Wilcox, and J. C. Powers 117
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of DIP-inhibited Bovine Trypsin at 2.7 A Resolution R. M. Stroud, L. M. Kay, and R. E. Dickerson 125
Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor (Kunitz) Part I. Structure and Function R Huber, D. Kukla, A. Ruhlmann, and W. Steigemann 141
Part II. Complexes with Proteinases A. Riihlmann, H. J. Schramm, D. Kukla, and R. Huber 148
ENZYMES IN THE GLYCOLYTIC PATHWAY
Crystallographic Studies of Chicken Triose Phosphate Isomerase D. W. Banner, A. C. Bloomer, G. A. Petsko, D. C. Phillips and C. I. Pogson 151
Triosephosphate Isomerase: Isotope Studies on the Mechanistic Pathway J. R.. Knowles, P. F. Leadlay, and S. G. Maiste 157
X-Ray Diffraction Studies on Enzymes in the Glycolytic Pathway J. W. Campbell, E. Duee,G.. Hodgson, W. D. Mercer, D. K. Stammers, P. L. Wendell, H. Muirhead, and H. C. Watson 165
DEHYDROGENASES
Structural Studies on Heart Muscle Malate Dehydrogenases D. Tsernoglou, E. Hill, and L. J. Banaszak 171
Structural Constraints on Possible Mechanisms of Lactate Dehydrogenase as Shown by High Resolution Studies of the Apoenzyme and a Variety of Enzyme Complexes M. G. Rossmann, M. J. Adams, M. Buehner, G. C. Ford, M. L. Hackert, P. J. Lentz, Jr., A. McPherson, Jr., R. W. Schevitz, and I. E. Smiley 179
Relaxation Studies on an Allosteric Enzyme: Aspartokinase I-Homoserine Dehydrogenase I J. Janin 193
A Low Resolution Electron-Density Map of Lipoyl Transsuccinylase, the Core of the a-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex D. J. DeRosier and R. M. Olive 199
MUSCLE PROTEINS
Tropomyosin Crystal Dynamics C. Cohen, D. L. D. Caspar, D. A. D. Parry, and R. M. Lucas 205
The Structure of a Calcium-binding Protein from Carp Muscle R. H. Kretsinger, C. E. Nockolds, C. J. Coffee, and R. A. Bradshaw 217
NEW PROTEIN STRUCTURES AND PROGRESS REPORTS
Crystal Structure of Human Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase C. VI. The Three- dimensional Structure at High Resolution in Relation to Other Mammalian Carbonic Anhydrases K. K. Kannan, A. Liljas, I. Waara, P.-C. Bergstén, S. Lbögren, B. Strandberg, U. Bengtsson, U. Carlbom, K. Fridborg, L. Järup, and M. Petef 221
The Crystal Structure of Rhombohedral 2 Zinc Insulin T. L. Blundell, J. F. Cutfield, B. J. Dodson, G. G. Dodson, D. C. Hodgkin, and D. A. Mercola 233
Some Aspects of the Structure of Staphylococcal Nuclease. Part I. Crystallographic Studies F. A. Cotton, C. J. Bier, V. W. Day, B. B. Hazen, Jr., and S. Larsen 243
Part II. Studies in Solution C. B. Anfinsen, A. N. Schechter, and H. Taniuchi 249
Tentative Sequential Model for the Unfolding and Refolding of Staphylococcal Nuclease at High pH 0. Jardetzky, J. L. Markley, H. Thielmann, Y. Arata, and M. N. Williams 257
Concerning the Stereochemistry of Actinomycin Binding to DNA: An Actino- mycin-Deoxyguanosine Crystalline Complex H. M. Sobell, S. C. Jam, T. D. Sakore, G. Ponticello, and C. E. Nordman 263
X-Ray Crystallographic Studies of Concanavalin A K. D. Hardman, M. K. Wood, M. Schiffer, A. B. Edmundson, and C. F. Ainsworth 271
The Structure of Concanavalin A at 4 A Resolution 0. N. Reeke, J. W. Becker, and F. A. Quiocho 277
The 5.5 A Resolution Structure of the Regulatory Enzyme, Aspartate Trans- carbamylase D. C. Wiley, D. B. Evans, S. G. Warren, C. H. McMurray, B. F. P. Edwards, W. A. Franks, and W. N. Lipscomb 285
Molecular Symmetry and Crystal Packing of E. coli Glutamine Synthetase D. Eisenberg, B. G. Heidner, P. Goodkin, M. N. Dastoor, B. H. Weber, F. Wedler, and J. D. Bell 291
HEMOGLOBINS: MUTANTS, DERIVATIVES, AND COMPLEXES
Stereochemistry of Cooperative Effects in Hemoglobin M. F. Perutz and L. F. TenEyck 295
The Effect of Removal of C-terminal Residues on Cooperative Interactions in Hemoglobin J. V. Kilmartin and J. A. Hewitt 311 Three-dimensional Structure of Abnormal Mutant Human Hemoglobins J. Greer 315
The Binding of a Spin-labeled Triphosphate to Hemoglobin R. T. Ogata and H. M. McConnell 325
An Allosteric Model of Hemoglobin R. G. Shulman, S. Ogawa, and J. J. Hopfield 337
Coboglobins: Cobalt Substitution and the Nature of the Prosthetic Group- Apoprotein Interaction in Hemoglobin and Myoglobin B. M. Hoffman, C. A. Spilburg, and D. H. Petering 343
The Structures of Lamprey and Bloodworm Hemoglobins in Relation to Their Evolution and Function W. B. Love, P. A. Klock, B. B. Lattman, B. A. Padlan, K. B. Ward, Jr., and W. A. Hendrickson 349
IRON-CONTAINING PROTEINS OTHER THAN HEMOGLOBIN
The Structure of a Non-Heme Iron Protein: Rubredoxin at 1.5 A Resolution K. D. Watenpaugh, L. C. Sieker, J. B. Herriott, and L. H. Jensen 359
The Structure of a Clostridial Flavodoxin, an Electron-transferring Flavoprotein. III. An Interpretation of an Electron-Density Map at a Nominal Resolution of 3.25 A M. L. Ludwig, B. D. Andersen, P. A. Apgar, R. M. Burnett, M. E. LeQuesne, and S. G. Mayhew 369
Structure of the Iron-Sulfur Cluster in the Chromatium Iron Protein at 2.25 A Resolution C. W. Carter, Jr., S. T. Freer, Ng. H. Xuong, R. A. Alden, and J. Kraut 381
The Structure of Cytochrome b5 at 2.0 A Resolution F. S. Mathews, P. Argos, and M. Levine 387
Conformational Changes upon Reduction of Cytochrome c T. Takano, R. Swanson, 0. B. Kallai, and R. E. Dickerson 397
Pulsed NMR Study of the Structure of Cytochrome c A. G. Redfield and R. K. Gupta 405
IMMUNOGLOBIN STRUCTURE: IgG AND FRAGMENTS
Crystal Structure of an Immunoglobulin Molecule by X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Microscopy V. R. Sarma, D. R. Davies, L. W. Labaw, E. W. Silverton and W. D. Terry 413
X-Ray Crystallographic Studies of the Fab and Fc Fragments of Human Myeloma Immunoglobulins R. J. Poljak, L. M. Amzel, H. P. Avey, L. N. Becka, D. J. Goldstein, and R. L. Humphrey 421
Crystallographic Studies of an IgG Immunoglobulin and the Bence-Jones Protein from One Patient A. B. Edmundson, M. Schiffer, M. K. Wood, K. D. Hard man, K. R. Ely, and C. F. Ainsworth 427
STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES
An Electron-Density Map of Tobacco Mosaic Virus at 10 A Resolution A. N. Barrett, J. Barrington Leigh, K. C. Holmes, A. Klug, R. Leberman, E. Mandelkow, and P. Von Sengbusch 433
The Disk of TMV Protein and Its Relation to the Helical and Other Modes of Aggregation A. Klug and A. C. H. Durham 449
The Mechanism and Control of the Assembly of Tobacco Mosaic Virus from Its RNA and Protein Disks P. J. G. Butler 461
X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Structure of Satellite Tobacco Necrosis Virus K. Akervall, B. St randberg, M. G. Rossmann, U. Bengtsson, K. Fridborg, H. Johannisen, K. K. Kannan, S. Lovgren, G. Petef, B. Öberg, D. Eaker, S. Hjertén, L. Ryden, and I. Moking 469
Three-dimensional Image Reconstructions of Some Small Spherical Viruses R. A. Crowther and L. A. Amos 489
Structure of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus: Three-dimensional X-Ray Diffraction Analysis at 30 A Resolution S. C. Harrison 495
Structural Studies on the Adenovirus Hexon R. M. Franklin, S. C. Harrison, U. Pettersson, C.-I. Bräindén, P-E. Werner, and L. Philipson 503
SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROBES
The Study of Biological Macromolecules Using Perturbed Angular Correlations of Gamma Radiation C. F. Meares and D. G. Westmoreland 511
Spectro-chemical Probes for Protein Conformation and Function B. L. Vallee, J. F. Riordan, J. T. Johansen, and D. M. Livingston 517
Mapping Active Sites of Phosphoryl-transferring Enzymes by Magnetic Resonance Methods M. Cohn, J. S. Leigh, Jr., and G. H. Reed 533
Use of 19F-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Detection of Protein Conformation Changes: Application to Lysozyme, Ribonuclease, and Hemoglobin M. A. Raftery, W. H. Huestis, and F. Millet 541
On the Interpretation of Solvent Proton Magnetic Relaxation Data with Particular Application to the Structure of the Active Site of Mn-Carboxy- peptidase A S. H. Koenig, R. D. Brown, and J. Studebaker 551
X-Ray Diffraction and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Dispersion Studies on Derivatives of Carboxypeptidase A F. A. Quiocho, P. H. Bethge, W. N. Lipscomb, J. F. Studebaker, R. D. Brown, and S. H. Koenig 561
TECHNIQUES IN DIFFRACTION AND MODEL BUILDING
A Neutron Diffraction Analysis of Myoglobin. III. Hydrogen-Deuterium Bonding in Side Chains B. P. Schoenborn 569
The Use of a Computer-controlled Display System in the Study of Molecular Conformations C. D. Barry and A. C. T. North 577
Construction of Space-filling Models of Proteins Using Dihedral Angles J. A. Yankeelov, Jr., and J. B. Coggins 585
SUMMARY
Protein Crystallography 1971: Coming of Age D. C. Phillips 589
Appendix: Stereo Plates 593
Subject Index 633
Name Index 639
Symposium Participants xiii
Foreword xix
GENERAL CONSIDERATION OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND CATALYSIS
Structure-Reactivity Correlations and General Acid-Base Catalysis in Enzymic Transacylation Reactions W. P. Jencks 1 The Importance of Orientation Factors in Enzymatic Reactions D. E. Kosh land, Jr., K. W. Carraway, G. A. Dafforn, J. D. Gass, and D. R. Storm 13
Views on Approximation, Orbital Steering, and Enzymatic and Model Reactions T. C. Bruice 21
The Role of Distortion in the Lysozyme Mechanism B. D. Sykes, S. L. Patt, and D. Dolphin 29
Protein Structure, Ribonuclease-S and Nucleotide Interactions F. M. Richards, H. W. Wyckoff, W. D. Carlson, N. M. Allewell, B. Lee, and Y. Mitsui 35
Enzymatic Catalysis and the Transition State Theory of Reaction Rates: Transition State Analogs C. E. Lienhard, I. I. Secemski, K. A. Koehler, and R. N. Lindquist 45
The Entatic State R. J. P. Williams 53
PROTEASES: STRUCTURE, CATALYSIS, INHIBITION
a-Chymotrypsin: What Can We Learn about Catalysis from X-Ray Diffraction? R. Henderson, C. S. Wright, C. P. Hess, and D. M. Blow 63
Conformational Equilibria and the Salt Bridge in Chymotrypsin A. R. Fersht 71
Spectrophotometric and Structural Evidence as to the Mechanism of Protease Catalysis at Chemical Bonding Resolution S. A. Bernhard and S.-J. Lau 75
The Stereochemistry of Substrate Binding to Chymotrypsin Ag D. M. Segal, G. H. Cohen, D. R. Davies, J. C. Powers, and P. E. Wilcox 85
Conformational Changes and Inhibitor Binding at the Active Site of Elastase D. M. Shotton, N. J. White, and H. C. Watson 91
A Comparison of the Three-dimensional Structures of Subtilisin BPN¢ and Subtilisin Novo J. Drenth, W. C. J. Hol, J. N. Jansonius, and R. Koekoek 107
The Aromatic Substrate Binding Site in Subtilisin BPN¢ and Its Resemblance to Chymotrypsin J. Kraut, J. D. Robertus, J. J. Birktoft, R. A. Alden, P. E. Wilcox, and J. C. Powers 117
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of DIP-inhibited Bovine Trypsin at 2.7 A Resolution R. M. Stroud, L. M. Kay, and R. E. Dickerson 125
Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor (Kunitz) Part I. Structure and Function R Huber, D. Kukla, A. Ruhlmann, and W. Steigemann 141
Part II. Complexes with Proteinases A. Riihlmann, H. J. Schramm, D. Kukla, and R. Huber 148
ENZYMES IN THE GLYCOLYTIC PATHWAY
Crystallographic Studies of Chicken Triose Phosphate Isomerase D. W. Banner, A. C. Bloomer, G. A. Petsko, D. C. Phillips and C. I. Pogson 151
Triosephosphate Isomerase: Isotope Studies on the Mechanistic Pathway J. R.. Knowles, P. F. Leadlay, and S. G. Maiste 157
X-Ray Diffraction Studies on Enzymes in the Glycolytic Pathway J. W. Campbell, E. Duee,G.. Hodgson, W. D. Mercer, D. K. Stammers, P. L. Wendell, H. Muirhead, and H. C. Watson 165
DEHYDROGENASES
Structural Studies on Heart Muscle Malate Dehydrogenases D. Tsernoglou, E. Hill, and L. J. Banaszak 171
Structural Constraints on Possible Mechanisms of Lactate Dehydrogenase as Shown by High Resolution Studies of the Apoenzyme and a Variety of Enzyme Complexes M. G. Rossmann, M. J. Adams, M. Buehner, G. C. Ford, M. L. Hackert, P. J. Lentz, Jr., A. McPherson, Jr., R. W. Schevitz, and I. E. Smiley 179
Relaxation Studies on an Allosteric Enzyme: Aspartokinase I-Homoserine Dehydrogenase I J. Janin 193
A Low Resolution Electron-Density Map of Lipoyl Transsuccinylase, the Core of the a-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex D. J. DeRosier and R. M. Olive 199
MUSCLE PROTEINS
Tropomyosin Crystal Dynamics C. Cohen, D. L. D. Caspar, D. A. D. Parry, and R. M. Lucas 205
The Structure of a Calcium-binding Protein from Carp Muscle R. H. Kretsinger, C. E. Nockolds, C. J. Coffee, and R. A. Bradshaw 217
NEW PROTEIN STRUCTURES AND PROGRESS REPORTS
Crystal Structure of Human Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase C. VI. The Three- dimensional Structure at High Resolution in Relation to Other Mammalian Carbonic Anhydrases K. K. Kannan, A. Liljas, I. Waara, P.-C. Bergstén, S. Lbögren, B. Strandberg, U. Bengtsson, U. Carlbom, K. Fridborg, L. Järup, and M. Petef 221
The Crystal Structure of Rhombohedral 2 Zinc Insulin T. L. Blundell, J. F. Cutfield, B. J. Dodson, G. G. Dodson, D. C. Hodgkin, and D. A. Mercola 233
Some Aspects of the Structure of Staphylococcal Nuclease. Part I. Crystallographic Studies F. A. Cotton, C. J. Bier, V. W. Day, B. B. Hazen, Jr., and S. Larsen 243
Part II. Studies in Solution C. B. Anfinsen, A. N. Schechter, and H. Taniuchi 249
Tentative Sequential Model for the Unfolding and Refolding of Staphylococcal Nuclease at High pH 0. Jardetzky, J. L. Markley, H. Thielmann, Y. Arata, and M. N. Williams 257
Concerning the Stereochemistry of Actinomycin Binding to DNA: An Actino- mycin-Deoxyguanosine Crystalline Complex H. M. Sobell, S. C. Jam, T. D. Sakore, G. Ponticello, and C. E. Nordman 263
X-Ray Crystallographic Studies of Concanavalin A K. D. Hardman, M. K. Wood, M. Schiffer, A. B. Edmundson, and C. F. Ainsworth 271
The Structure of Concanavalin A at 4 A Resolution 0. N. Reeke, J. W. Becker, and F. A. Quiocho 277
The 5.5 A Resolution Structure of the Regulatory Enzyme, Aspartate Trans- carbamylase D. C. Wiley, D. B. Evans, S. G. Warren, C. H. McMurray, B. F. P. Edwards, W. A. Franks, and W. N. Lipscomb 285
Molecular Symmetry and Crystal Packing of E. coli Glutamine Synthetase D. Eisenberg, B. G. Heidner, P. Goodkin, M. N. Dastoor, B. H. Weber, F. Wedler, and J. D. Bell 291
HEMOGLOBINS: MUTANTS, DERIVATIVES, AND COMPLEXES
Stereochemistry of Cooperative Effects in Hemoglobin M. F. Perutz and L. F. TenEyck 295
The Effect of Removal of C-terminal Residues on Cooperative Interactions in Hemoglobin J. V. Kilmartin and J. A. Hewitt 311 Three-dimensional Structure of Abnormal Mutant Human Hemoglobins J. Greer 315
The Binding of a Spin-labeled Triphosphate to Hemoglobin R. T. Ogata and H. M. McConnell 325
An Allosteric Model of Hemoglobin R. G. Shulman, S. Ogawa, and J. J. Hopfield 337
Coboglobins: Cobalt Substitution and the Nature of the Prosthetic Group- Apoprotein Interaction in Hemoglobin and Myoglobin B. M. Hoffman, C. A. Spilburg, and D. H. Petering 343
The Structures of Lamprey and Bloodworm Hemoglobins in Relation to Their Evolution and Function W. B. Love, P. A. Klock, B. B. Lattman, B. A. Padlan, K. B. Ward, Jr., and W. A. Hendrickson 349
IRON-CONTAINING PROTEINS OTHER THAN HEMOGLOBIN
The Structure of a Non-Heme Iron Protein: Rubredoxin at 1.5 A Resolution K. D. Watenpaugh, L. C. Sieker, J. B. Herriott, and L. H. Jensen 359
The Structure of a Clostridial Flavodoxin, an Electron-transferring Flavoprotein. III. An Interpretation of an Electron-Density Map at a Nominal Resolution of 3.25 A M. L. Ludwig, B. D. Andersen, P. A. Apgar, R. M. Burnett, M. E. LeQuesne, and S. G. Mayhew 369
Structure of the Iron-Sulfur Cluster in the Chromatium Iron Protein at 2.25 A Resolution C. W. Carter, Jr., S. T. Freer, Ng. H. Xuong, R. A. Alden, and J. Kraut 381
The Structure of Cytochrome b5 at 2.0 A Resolution F. S. Mathews, P. Argos, and M. Levine 387
Conformational Changes upon Reduction of Cytochrome c T. Takano, R. Swanson, 0. B. Kallai, and R. E. Dickerson 397
Pulsed NMR Study of the Structure of Cytochrome c A. G. Redfield and R. K. Gupta 405
IMMUNOGLOBIN STRUCTURE: IgG AND FRAGMENTS
Crystal Structure of an Immunoglobulin Molecule by X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Microscopy V. R. Sarma, D. R. Davies, L. W. Labaw, E. W. Silverton and W. D. Terry 413
X-Ray Crystallographic Studies of the Fab and Fc Fragments of Human Myeloma Immunoglobulins R. J. Poljak, L. M. Amzel, H. P. Avey, L. N. Becka, D. J. Goldstein, and R. L. Humphrey 421
Crystallographic Studies of an IgG Immunoglobulin and the Bence-Jones Protein from One Patient A. B. Edmundson, M. Schiffer, M. K. Wood, K. D. Hard man, K. R. Ely, and C. F. Ainsworth 427
STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES
An Electron-Density Map of Tobacco Mosaic Virus at 10 A Resolution A. N. Barrett, J. Barrington Leigh, K. C. Holmes, A. Klug, R. Leberman, E. Mandelkow, and P. Von Sengbusch 433
The Disk of TMV Protein and Its Relation to the Helical and Other Modes of Aggregation A. Klug and A. C. H. Durham 449
The Mechanism and Control of the Assembly of Tobacco Mosaic Virus from Its RNA and Protein Disks P. J. G. Butler 461
X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Structure of Satellite Tobacco Necrosis Virus K. Akervall, B. St randberg, M. G. Rossmann, U. Bengtsson, K. Fridborg, H. Johannisen, K. K. Kannan, S. Lovgren, G. Petef, B. Öberg, D. Eaker, S. Hjertén, L. Ryden, and I. Moking 469
Three-dimensional Image Reconstructions of Some Small Spherical Viruses R. A. Crowther and L. A. Amos 489
Structure of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus: Three-dimensional X-Ray Diffraction Analysis at 30 A Resolution S. C. Harrison 495
Structural Studies on the Adenovirus Hexon R. M. Franklin, S. C. Harrison, U. Pettersson, C.-I. Bräindén, P-E. Werner, and L. Philipson 503
SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROBES
The Study of Biological Macromolecules Using Perturbed Angular Correlations of Gamma Radiation C. F. Meares and D. G. Westmoreland 511
Spectro-chemical Probes for Protein Conformation and Function B. L. Vallee, J. F. Riordan, J. T. Johansen, and D. M. Livingston 517
Mapping Active Sites of Phosphoryl-transferring Enzymes by Magnetic Resonance Methods M. Cohn, J. S. Leigh, Jr., and G. H. Reed 533
Use of 19F-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Detection of Protein Conformation Changes: Application to Lysozyme, Ribonuclease, and Hemoglobin M. A. Raftery, W. H. Huestis, and F. Millet 541
On the Interpretation of Solvent Proton Magnetic Relaxation Data with Particular Application to the Structure of the Active Site of Mn-Carboxy- peptidase A S. H. Koenig, R. D. Brown, and J. Studebaker 551
X-Ray Diffraction and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Dispersion Studies on Derivatives of Carboxypeptidase A F. A. Quiocho, P. H. Bethge, W. N. Lipscomb, J. F. Studebaker, R. D. Brown, and S. H. Koenig 561
TECHNIQUES IN DIFFRACTION AND MODEL BUILDING
A Neutron Diffraction Analysis of Myoglobin. III. Hydrogen-Deuterium Bonding in Side Chains B. P. Schoenborn 569
The Use of a Computer-controlled Display System in the Study of Molecular Conformations C. D. Barry and A. C. T. North 577
Construction of Space-filling Models of Proteins Using Dihedral Angles J. A. Yankeelov, Jr., and J. B. Coggins 585
SUMMARY
Protein Crystallography 1971: Coming of Age D. C. Phillips 589
Appendix: Stereo Plates 593
Subject Index 633
Name Index 639
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