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 XXXI: The Genetic Code 1966 |
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From left: Dr. Marshall Nirenberg, Dr. B.P. Doctor, Dr. C.T. Caskey  SYMPOSIUM SYNOPSIS LIST OF PARTICIPANTS CONTENTS OF SYMPOSIUM VOLUME PHOTOGRAPHS PUBLISHED VOLUME  |
The Genetic Code
Symposium Volume XXXI Contents
Foreword v
List of Previous Volumes vi
Photographs of Some Symposium Participants vii
List of Those Attending the Symposium x
Milislav Demerec xxi
INTRODUCTION
THE GENETIC CODE 1
CRICK, F. H C. The Genetic Code: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow 3
CODONS IN VITRO
NIRENBERG, M., T. CASKEY, R. MARSHALL, R. BRIMACOMBE, D. KELLOGG, B. DOCTOR, D. HATFIELD, J. LEVIN, F. ROTTMAN, S. PESTKA, M. WILCOX, and F. ANDERSON. The RNA Code and Protein Synthesis 11
MATTHAEI, J. H., H. P. VOIGT, G. HELLER, R. NETH, G. SCHOCH, H. KUBLER F. AMELUNXEN, G. SANDER, and A. PARMEGGIANI. Specific Interactions of Ribosomes in Decoding 25
KHORANA, H. G., H. BUCHI, H. GHOSH, N. GUPTA, T. M. JACOB, H. KOSSEL, R. MORGAN, S. A. NARANG, E. OHTSUKA, and R. D. WELLS. Polynucleotide Synthesis and the Genetic Code 39
SOLL, D., J. CHERAYIL, D. S. JONES, R. D. FAULKNER, A. HAMPEL, R. M. BOCK, and H. G. KHORANA. sRNA Specificity for Codon Recognition as Studied by the Ribosomal Binding Technique 51
HAYASHI, H. and K. MIURA. Anticodon Sequence as a Possible Site for the Activity of Transfer RNA 63
LETENDRE, C., A. M. MICHELSON, and M. GRUNBERG-MANAGO. Oligonucleotide Inhibition of Amino Acid Attachment 71
DIRECTIONS OF READING
STREISINGER, G., Y. OKADA, J. EMRICH, J. NEWTON, A. TSUGITA, E. TERZAGHI, and M. INOUYE. Frameshift Mutations and the Genetic Code 77
THACH, R., T. A. SUNDARARAJAN, K. F. DEWEY, J. C. BROWN, and P. DOTY. Translation of Synthetic Messenger RNA 85
STANLEY, W. M., JR., M. A. SMITH, M. B. HILLE, and J. A. LAST. Studies on the Translation of the Genetic Message: I. Preparation of Oligonucleotide Messengers of Specified Base Sequence 99
WARBA, A. J., M. SALAS, and W. M. STANLEY, JR. Studies on the Translation of the Genetic Message: II. Translation of Oligonucleotide Messengers of Specified Base Sequence 103
MAITRA, U., S. N. COHEN, and J. HURWITZ. Specificity of Initiation and Synthesis of RNA from DNA Templates 113
SZYBALSKI, W., H. KUBINSKI, and P. SHELDRICK. Pyrimidine Clusters on the Transcribing Strand of DNA and their Possible Role in the Initiation of RNA Synthesis 123
HOGNESS, D. S., W. DOERFLER, J. B. EGAN, and L. W. BLACK. The Position and Orientation of Genes in l and l dg DNA 129
IN VIVO CODE AND POLARITY
REICHMANN, M. E., A. Y. CHANG, L. FAIMAN, and J. M. CLARK, JR. The Satellite Tobacco Necrosis Virus in Studies of Genetic Coding 139
WEIGERT, M. G., E. GALLUCCI, E. LANKA, and A. GAREN. Characteristics of the Genetic Code in vivo 145
YANOFSKY, C., J. ITO, and V. HORN. Amino Acid Replacements and the Genetic Code 151
WITTMANN, H. G. and B. WITTMANN-LIEBOLD. Protein Chemical Studies of Two RNA Viruses and their Mutants 163
STRETTON, A. O. W., S. KAPLAN, and S. BRENNER. Nonsense Codons 173
POLARITY
NEWTON, A. Translation of the lactose Operon of Escherichia coli 181
MALAMY, M. H. New Jersey: Frameshift Mutations in the Lactose Operon of E. coli 189
BAUERLE, R. H. and P. MARGOLIN. A Multifunctional Enzyme Complex in the Tryptophan Pathway of Salmonella typhimurium: Comparison of Polarity and Pseudopolarity Mutations 203
MARTIN, R. G., H. J. WHITFIELD, JR., D. B. BERKOWITZ, and M. J. VOLL. A Molecular Model of the Phenomenon of Polarity 215
AMES, B. N. and H. J. WHITFIELD, JR. Frameshift Mutagenesis in Salmonella 221
HENNING, U., G. DENNERT, R. HERTEL, and W. S. SHIPP. Translation of the Structural Genes of the E. coli Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex 227
IMAMOTO, F., J. ITO, and C. YANOFSKY. Polarity in the Tryptophan Operon of E. coli 235
PUNCTUATION
ZINDER, N. D., D. L. ENGELHARDT, and R. E. WEBSTER. Punctuation in the Genetic Code 251
GUSSIN, G. N., M. R. CAPECCHI, J. M. ADAMS, J. E. ARGETSINGER, J. TOOZE, K. WEBER, and J. D. WATSON. Protein Synthesis Directed by RNA Phage Messengers 257
GANOZA, M. C. Polypeptide Chain Termination in Cell-free Extracts of E. coli 273
MARCKER, K. A., B. F. C. CLARK, J. S. ANDERSON. N-Formyl-Methionyl-sRNA and its Relation to Protein Biosynthesis 279
DICKERMAN, H., E. STEERS, B. G. REDFIELD, and HERBERT WEISSBACH. Formylation of Escherichia coli Methionyl-Srna 287
BRETSCHER, M. S. Polypeptide Chain Initiation and the Characterization of Ribosomal Binding Sites in E. coli 289
LEDER, P. and H. BURSZTYN. Initiation of Protein Synthesis. The Role of Formyl-accepting Methionyl-tRNA 297
RICH, A., E. EIKENBERRY, and L. MALKIN. Experiments on Hemoglobin Polypeptide-Chain Initiation and on the Shielding Action of the Ribosome 303
CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION
MARGOLIN, P. and R. H. BAUERLE. Determinants for Regulation and Initiation of Expression of Tryptophan Genes 311
CLINE, A. L. and R. M. BOCK. Translational Control of Gene Expression 321
MARCUS, P. I. and J. M. SALB. Control of Viral RNA Translation as the Mechanism of Interferon Action 335
SHEPPARD, D. and E. ENGLESBERG. Positive Control in the L-arabinose Gene- Enzyme Complex of E. coli B/r as Exhibited with Stable Merodiploids 345
TOMKINS, G. M., E. B. THOMPSON, S. HAYASHI, T. GELEHRTER D. GRANNER, and B. PETERKOFSKY. Tyrosine Transaminase Induction in Mammalian Cells in Tissue Culture 349
MARKS, P. A. and F. CONCONI. Polyribosomes and Control of Hemoglobin Synthesis 361
NAONO, S. and F. GROS. Control and Selectivity of l DNA Transcription in Lysogenic Bacteria 363
SKALKA, A. Multiple Units of Transcription in Phage Lambda 377
SIDDIQI, O., B. N. APTE, and M. P. PITALE. Genetic Regulation of Aryl Sulphatases in Aspergillus nidulans 381
ROTH, J. R., D. F. SILBERT, G. R. FINK, M. J. VOLL, D. ANTON, P. E. HARTMAN, and B. N. AMES. Transfer RNA and Control of the Histidine Operon 383
BECKWITH, J. R., E. R. SIGNER, and W. EPSTEIN. Transposition of the lac Region of E. coli 393
SCAIFE, J. and J. R. BECKWITH. Mutational Alteration of the Maximal Level of lac Operon Expression 403
TRANSFER RNA: CHEMISTRY
MADISON, J. T., G. A. EVERETT, and H. K. KUNG. The Nucleotide Sequences of Yeast Tyrosine Transfer RNA 409
ZACHAU, H. G., D. DUTTING, H. FELDMAN, F. MELCHERS, and W. KARAU. Serine-Specific Transfer Ribonucleic Acids. XIV. Comparison of Nucleotide Sequences and Secondary Structure Models 417
RAJBHANDARY, U. L., A. STUART, R. D. FAULKNER, S. H. CHANG, and H. G. KHORANA. Nucleotide Sequence Studies on Yeast Phenylalanine sRNA 425
BERQUIST, P. L. Degenerate Transfer RNAs from Brewers Yeas 435
LIPSETT, M. N. Disulphide Bonds in sRNA 449
DOI, R. H. and B. GOERLER. Conformation and Binding Efficiency of LysyltRNA to a Poly A ribosome Complex 457
HAYWARD, R. S., G. L. ELICIERI, and S. B. WEISS. Ribonucleic Acid SulfurTransferase Activity in Extracts from E. coli 459
OFENGAND, J. A New Nucleotide in the tRNA of E. coli 465
WEISS, B. and C. C. RICHARDSON. End-group Labeling of Nucleic Acids by Enzymatic Phosphorylation 471
TRANSFER RNA: FUNCTION
SMITH, J. D., J. N. ABELSON, B. F. CLARK, H. M. GOODMAN, and S. BRENNER. Studies on amber suppressor Trna 479
CARBON, J., P. BERG, and C. YANOFSKY. Missense Suppression due to a Genetically Altered tRNA 487
GUPTA, N. K., U. L. RAJBHANDARY, and H. G. KHORANA. Missense Suppression in Trypophan Synthetase 499
LITTAUER, U. Z., M. REVEL, and R. STERN. Coding Properties of Methyl-deficient Phenylalanine Transfer RNA 501
PETERKOFSKY, A., C. JESENSKY, and J. D. CAPRA. The Role of Methylated Bases in the Biological Activity of E. coli Leucine tRNA 515
WAINFAN, E., P. R. SHINIVASAN, and E. BOREK. Can the Methylation of tRNA Serve a Regulatory Function? 525
FRESCO, J. R., A. ADAMS, R. ASCIONE, D. HENLEY, and T. LINDAHL. Tertiary Structure in Transfer RNAs 527
MUENCH, K. H. Chloroquine-mediated Conversion of Transfer Ribonucleic Acid of Escherichia coli from an Inactive to an Active State 539
TRANSFER RNA: INTERACTIONS
DOCTOR, B. P., J. E. LOEBEL, and D. A. KELLOGG. Studies on the Species Specificity of Yeast and E. coli Tyrosine tRNAs 543
BARNETT, W. E., and J. L. EPLER. Multiple Aminoacyl-RNA Synthetase Systems and the Genetic Code in Neurospora 549
NEIDHARDT, F. C. and C. F. EARHART. Phage-induced Appearance of a Valyls RNA Synthetase Activity in Escherichia coli 557
YU, C. -T. Multiple Forms of Leucyl sRNA Synthetase of E. coli 565
SUEOKA, N., T. KANO-SUEOKA, and W. J. GARTLAND. Modification of sRNA and Regulation of Protein Synthesis 571
Dol, R. H. and I. KANEKO. Transfer RNA Patterns of Bacillus subtilis during Sporulation and Growth 581
SUBAK-SHARPE, H., W. M. SHEPHERD, and J. HAY. Studies on sRNA Coded by Herpes Virus 583
TRANSFER RNA AND RIBOSOMES
WETTSTEIN, F. O. Differential in vivo Aminoacylation and Utilization of Homologous Species of E. coli Transfer RNA 595
MCLAUGHLIN, C. S., J. DONDON, M. GRUNBERG-MANAGO, A. M. MICHELSON and G. SAUNDERS. Stability of the Messenger RNA-sRNA-Ribosome Complex 601
TAKANAMI, M. The 5¢-Termini of E. coli Ribosomal RNA and f2 Bacteriophage RNA 611
HATFIELD, D. Oligonucleotide-Ribosome-AA-sRNA Interactions 619
FLAKS, J. G., P. 5. LEBOY, E. A. BIRGE, and C. G. KURLAND. Mutations and Genetics Concerned with the Ribosome 623
HEINTZ, R., H. MCALLISTER, R. ARLINGRAUS, and R. SCHWEET. Formation and Function of the Active Ribosome Complex 633
PESTKA, S. and M. NIRENBERG. Code-word Recognition on 30S Ribosomes 641
INFIDELITY OF INFORMATION TRANSFER
GORINI, L., G. A. JACOBY, and L. BRECKENRIDGE. Ribosomal Ambiguity 657
DAVIES, J. Streptomycin and the Genetic Code 665
WEINSTEIN, I. B., S. M. FRIEDMAN, and M. OCHOA, JR. Fidelity During Translation of the Genetic Code 671
MCCARTHY, B. J., J. J. HOLLAND, and C. A. BUCK. Single-stranded DNA as a Template for in vitro Protein Synthesis 683 SPEYER, J. F., J. D. KARAM, and A. B. LENNY. On the Role of DNA Polymerase in Base Selection 693
MAGNI, G. E. and P. P. PUGLISI. Mutagenesis of Super-Suppressors in Yeast 699
EHRENSTEIN, G. VON. Translational Variations in the Amino Acid Sequence of the oc-chain of Rabbit Hemoglobin 705
RIFKIN, D. B., D. I. HIRSCH, M. R. RIFKIN, and W. KONIGSBERG. A Possible Ambiguity in the Coding of Mouse Hemoglobin 715
JACOBSON, K. B. A Test of tRNA as Amino Acid Adaptor in Hemoglobin Synthesis 719
ORIGINS OF THE CODE
WOESE, C. R., D. H. DUGRE, S. A. DUGRE, M. KONDO, and W. C. SAXINGER.On the Fundamental Nature and Evolution of the Genetic Code 723
SUBAK-SHARPE, H., R. R. BÜRK, and L. V. CRAWFORD, J. M. MORRISON, J.HAY, and H. M. KEIR. An Approach to Evolutionary Relationships of Mammalian DNA Viruses through Analysis of the Pattern of Nearest Neighbor Base Sequences 737
List of Previous Volumes vi
Photographs of Some Symposium Participants vii
List of Those Attending the Symposium x
Milislav Demerec xxi
INTRODUCTION
THE GENETIC CODE 1
CRICK, F. H C. The Genetic Code: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow 3
CODONS IN VITRO
NIRENBERG, M., T. CASKEY, R. MARSHALL, R. BRIMACOMBE, D. KELLOGG, B. DOCTOR, D. HATFIELD, J. LEVIN, F. ROTTMAN, S. PESTKA, M. WILCOX, and F. ANDERSON. The RNA Code and Protein Synthesis 11
MATTHAEI, J. H., H. P. VOIGT, G. HELLER, R. NETH, G. SCHOCH, H. KUBLER F. AMELUNXEN, G. SANDER, and A. PARMEGGIANI. Specific Interactions of Ribosomes in Decoding 25
KHORANA, H. G., H. BUCHI, H. GHOSH, N. GUPTA, T. M. JACOB, H. KOSSEL, R. MORGAN, S. A. NARANG, E. OHTSUKA, and R. D. WELLS. Polynucleotide Synthesis and the Genetic Code 39
SOLL, D., J. CHERAYIL, D. S. JONES, R. D. FAULKNER, A. HAMPEL, R. M. BOCK, and H. G. KHORANA. sRNA Specificity for Codon Recognition as Studied by the Ribosomal Binding Technique 51
HAYASHI, H. and K. MIURA. Anticodon Sequence as a Possible Site for the Activity of Transfer RNA 63
LETENDRE, C., A. M. MICHELSON, and M. GRUNBERG-MANAGO. Oligonucleotide Inhibition of Amino Acid Attachment 71
DIRECTIONS OF READING
STREISINGER, G., Y. OKADA, J. EMRICH, J. NEWTON, A. TSUGITA, E. TERZAGHI, and M. INOUYE. Frameshift Mutations and the Genetic Code 77
THACH, R., T. A. SUNDARARAJAN, K. F. DEWEY, J. C. BROWN, and P. DOTY. Translation of Synthetic Messenger RNA 85
STANLEY, W. M., JR., M. A. SMITH, M. B. HILLE, and J. A. LAST. Studies on the Translation of the Genetic Message: I. Preparation of Oligonucleotide Messengers of Specified Base Sequence 99
WARBA, A. J., M. SALAS, and W. M. STANLEY, JR. Studies on the Translation of the Genetic Message: II. Translation of Oligonucleotide Messengers of Specified Base Sequence 103
MAITRA, U., S. N. COHEN, and J. HURWITZ. Specificity of Initiation and Synthesis of RNA from DNA Templates 113
SZYBALSKI, W., H. KUBINSKI, and P. SHELDRICK. Pyrimidine Clusters on the Transcribing Strand of DNA and their Possible Role in the Initiation of RNA Synthesis 123
HOGNESS, D. S., W. DOERFLER, J. B. EGAN, and L. W. BLACK. The Position and Orientation of Genes in l and l dg DNA 129
IN VIVO CODE AND POLARITY
REICHMANN, M. E., A. Y. CHANG, L. FAIMAN, and J. M. CLARK, JR. The Satellite Tobacco Necrosis Virus in Studies of Genetic Coding 139
WEIGERT, M. G., E. GALLUCCI, E. LANKA, and A. GAREN. Characteristics of the Genetic Code in vivo 145
YANOFSKY, C., J. ITO, and V. HORN. Amino Acid Replacements and the Genetic Code 151
WITTMANN, H. G. and B. WITTMANN-LIEBOLD. Protein Chemical Studies of Two RNA Viruses and their Mutants 163
STRETTON, A. O. W., S. KAPLAN, and S. BRENNER. Nonsense Codons 173
POLARITY
NEWTON, A. Translation of the lactose Operon of Escherichia coli 181
MALAMY, M. H. New Jersey: Frameshift Mutations in the Lactose Operon of E. coli 189
BAUERLE, R. H. and P. MARGOLIN. A Multifunctional Enzyme Complex in the Tryptophan Pathway of Salmonella typhimurium: Comparison of Polarity and Pseudopolarity Mutations 203
MARTIN, R. G., H. J. WHITFIELD, JR., D. B. BERKOWITZ, and M. J. VOLL. A Molecular Model of the Phenomenon of Polarity 215
AMES, B. N. and H. J. WHITFIELD, JR. Frameshift Mutagenesis in Salmonella 221
HENNING, U., G. DENNERT, R. HERTEL, and W. S. SHIPP. Translation of the Structural Genes of the E. coli Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex 227
IMAMOTO, F., J. ITO, and C. YANOFSKY. Polarity in the Tryptophan Operon of E. coli 235
PUNCTUATION
ZINDER, N. D., D. L. ENGELHARDT, and R. E. WEBSTER. Punctuation in the Genetic Code 251
GUSSIN, G. N., M. R. CAPECCHI, J. M. ADAMS, J. E. ARGETSINGER, J. TOOZE, K. WEBER, and J. D. WATSON. Protein Synthesis Directed by RNA Phage Messengers 257
GANOZA, M. C. Polypeptide Chain Termination in Cell-free Extracts of E. coli 273
MARCKER, K. A., B. F. C. CLARK, J. S. ANDERSON. N-Formyl-Methionyl-sRNA and its Relation to Protein Biosynthesis 279
DICKERMAN, H., E. STEERS, B. G. REDFIELD, and HERBERT WEISSBACH. Formylation of Escherichia coli Methionyl-Srna 287
BRETSCHER, M. S. Polypeptide Chain Initiation and the Characterization of Ribosomal Binding Sites in E. coli 289
LEDER, P. and H. BURSZTYN. Initiation of Protein Synthesis. The Role of Formyl-accepting Methionyl-tRNA 297
RICH, A., E. EIKENBERRY, and L. MALKIN. Experiments on Hemoglobin Polypeptide-Chain Initiation and on the Shielding Action of the Ribosome 303
CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION
MARGOLIN, P. and R. H. BAUERLE. Determinants for Regulation and Initiation of Expression of Tryptophan Genes 311
CLINE, A. L. and R. M. BOCK. Translational Control of Gene Expression 321
MARCUS, P. I. and J. M. SALB. Control of Viral RNA Translation as the Mechanism of Interferon Action 335
SHEPPARD, D. and E. ENGLESBERG. Positive Control in the L-arabinose Gene- Enzyme Complex of E. coli B/r as Exhibited with Stable Merodiploids 345
TOMKINS, G. M., E. B. THOMPSON, S. HAYASHI, T. GELEHRTER D. GRANNER, and B. PETERKOFSKY. Tyrosine Transaminase Induction in Mammalian Cells in Tissue Culture 349
MARKS, P. A. and F. CONCONI. Polyribosomes and Control of Hemoglobin Synthesis 361
NAONO, S. and F. GROS. Control and Selectivity of l DNA Transcription in Lysogenic Bacteria 363
SKALKA, A. Multiple Units of Transcription in Phage Lambda 377
SIDDIQI, O., B. N. APTE, and M. P. PITALE. Genetic Regulation of Aryl Sulphatases in Aspergillus nidulans 381
ROTH, J. R., D. F. SILBERT, G. R. FINK, M. J. VOLL, D. ANTON, P. E. HARTMAN, and B. N. AMES. Transfer RNA and Control of the Histidine Operon 383
BECKWITH, J. R., E. R. SIGNER, and W. EPSTEIN. Transposition of the lac Region of E. coli 393
SCAIFE, J. and J. R. BECKWITH. Mutational Alteration of the Maximal Level of lac Operon Expression 403
TRANSFER RNA: CHEMISTRY
MADISON, J. T., G. A. EVERETT, and H. K. KUNG. The Nucleotide Sequences of Yeast Tyrosine Transfer RNA 409
ZACHAU, H. G., D. DUTTING, H. FELDMAN, F. MELCHERS, and W. KARAU. Serine-Specific Transfer Ribonucleic Acids. XIV. Comparison of Nucleotide Sequences and Secondary Structure Models 417
RAJBHANDARY, U. L., A. STUART, R. D. FAULKNER, S. H. CHANG, and H. G. KHORANA. Nucleotide Sequence Studies on Yeast Phenylalanine sRNA 425
BERQUIST, P. L. Degenerate Transfer RNAs from Brewers Yeas 435
LIPSETT, M. N. Disulphide Bonds in sRNA 449
DOI, R. H. and B. GOERLER. Conformation and Binding Efficiency of LysyltRNA to a Poly A ribosome Complex 457
HAYWARD, R. S., G. L. ELICIERI, and S. B. WEISS. Ribonucleic Acid SulfurTransferase Activity in Extracts from E. coli 459
OFENGAND, J. A New Nucleotide in the tRNA of E. coli 465
WEISS, B. and C. C. RICHARDSON. End-group Labeling of Nucleic Acids by Enzymatic Phosphorylation 471
TRANSFER RNA: FUNCTION
SMITH, J. D., J. N. ABELSON, B. F. CLARK, H. M. GOODMAN, and S. BRENNER. Studies on amber suppressor Trna 479
CARBON, J., P. BERG, and C. YANOFSKY. Missense Suppression due to a Genetically Altered tRNA 487
GUPTA, N. K., U. L. RAJBHANDARY, and H. G. KHORANA. Missense Suppression in Trypophan Synthetase 499
LITTAUER, U. Z., M. REVEL, and R. STERN. Coding Properties of Methyl-deficient Phenylalanine Transfer RNA 501
PETERKOFSKY, A., C. JESENSKY, and J. D. CAPRA. The Role of Methylated Bases in the Biological Activity of E. coli Leucine tRNA 515
WAINFAN, E., P. R. SHINIVASAN, and E. BOREK. Can the Methylation of tRNA Serve a Regulatory Function? 525
FRESCO, J. R., A. ADAMS, R. ASCIONE, D. HENLEY, and T. LINDAHL. Tertiary Structure in Transfer RNAs 527
MUENCH, K. H. Chloroquine-mediated Conversion of Transfer Ribonucleic Acid of Escherichia coli from an Inactive to an Active State 539
TRANSFER RNA: INTERACTIONS
DOCTOR, B. P., J. E. LOEBEL, and D. A. KELLOGG. Studies on the Species Specificity of Yeast and E. coli Tyrosine tRNAs 543
BARNETT, W. E., and J. L. EPLER. Multiple Aminoacyl-RNA Synthetase Systems and the Genetic Code in Neurospora 549
NEIDHARDT, F. C. and C. F. EARHART. Phage-induced Appearance of a Valyls RNA Synthetase Activity in Escherichia coli 557
YU, C. -T. Multiple Forms of Leucyl sRNA Synthetase of E. coli 565
SUEOKA, N., T. KANO-SUEOKA, and W. J. GARTLAND. Modification of sRNA and Regulation of Protein Synthesis 571
Dol, R. H. and I. KANEKO. Transfer RNA Patterns of Bacillus subtilis during Sporulation and Growth 581
SUBAK-SHARPE, H., W. M. SHEPHERD, and J. HAY. Studies on sRNA Coded by Herpes Virus 583
TRANSFER RNA AND RIBOSOMES
WETTSTEIN, F. O. Differential in vivo Aminoacylation and Utilization of Homologous Species of E. coli Transfer RNA 595
MCLAUGHLIN, C. S., J. DONDON, M. GRUNBERG-MANAGO, A. M. MICHELSON and G. SAUNDERS. Stability of the Messenger RNA-sRNA-Ribosome Complex 601
TAKANAMI, M. The 5¢-Termini of E. coli Ribosomal RNA and f2 Bacteriophage RNA 611
HATFIELD, D. Oligonucleotide-Ribosome-AA-sRNA Interactions 619
FLAKS, J. G., P. 5. LEBOY, E. A. BIRGE, and C. G. KURLAND. Mutations and Genetics Concerned with the Ribosome 623
HEINTZ, R., H. MCALLISTER, R. ARLINGRAUS, and R. SCHWEET. Formation and Function of the Active Ribosome Complex 633
PESTKA, S. and M. NIRENBERG. Code-word Recognition on 30S Ribosomes 641
INFIDELITY OF INFORMATION TRANSFER
GORINI, L., G. A. JACOBY, and L. BRECKENRIDGE. Ribosomal Ambiguity 657
DAVIES, J. Streptomycin and the Genetic Code 665
WEINSTEIN, I. B., S. M. FRIEDMAN, and M. OCHOA, JR. Fidelity During Translation of the Genetic Code 671
MCCARTHY, B. J., J. J. HOLLAND, and C. A. BUCK. Single-stranded DNA as a Template for in vitro Protein Synthesis 683 SPEYER, J. F., J. D. KARAM, and A. B. LENNY. On the Role of DNA Polymerase in Base Selection 693
MAGNI, G. E. and P. P. PUGLISI. Mutagenesis of Super-Suppressors in Yeast 699
EHRENSTEIN, G. VON. Translational Variations in the Amino Acid Sequence of the oc-chain of Rabbit Hemoglobin 705
RIFKIN, D. B., D. I. HIRSCH, M. R. RIFKIN, and W. KONIGSBERG. A Possible Ambiguity in the Coding of Mouse Hemoglobin 715
JACOBSON, K. B. A Test of tRNA as Amino Acid Adaptor in Hemoglobin Synthesis 719
ORIGINS OF THE CODE
WOESE, C. R., D. H. DUGRE, S. A. DUGRE, M. KONDO, and W. C. SAXINGER.On the Fundamental Nature and Evolution of the Genetic Code 723
SUBAK-SHARPE, H., R. R. BÜRK, and L. V. CRAWFORD, J. M. MORRISON, J.HAY, and H. M. KEIR. An Approach to Evolutionary Relationships of Mammalian DNA Viruses through Analysis of the Pattern of Nearest Neighbor Base Sequences 737
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